renal outflow disease Flashcards
1
Q
what diseases of the urinary tract can occur?
A
UTI urinary tract obstruction -renal stones -tumour -prostate hypertrophy urinary tract malignancy
2
Q
how do UTI’s occur?
A
urine sterile any bacteria implies infection usually from bacteria contamination from skin around urethra white cells in urine indicate infection blood in urine
3
Q
how is sterile urine collection done?
A
through abdominal wall
4
Q
how should a urine sample be collected?
A
mid-stream
5
Q
describe UTI
A
more common in women -shorter urethra usually E.coli -predominant organism in area predisposing factors -poor bladder emptying -low urinary flow rates
6
Q
what is cystitis?
A
bladder infection
uti can proceed
7
Q
what are the symptoms of UTI?
A
dysuria urinary frequency cloudy urine offensive smelling urine supra-pubic pain
8
Q
what can infected urine cause?
A
cystitis renal infection -reflux to kidneys -normal emptying void downward-muscles should close off end to ureter prostate infection
9
Q
what is UTI tx?
A
diagnosis
increase fluid intake
frequent urination
occasionally antibiotics
10
Q
what can cause urinary tract obstruction?
A
renal calculi prostatic disease -hypertrophy -prostatic malignancy urinary tract strictures external compression
11
Q
why does prostate disease make urination difficult?
A
urethra passes through prostate gland on way to penis
narrowed urethra
12
Q
describe prostate disease
A
prostatitis -inflammation of prostate benign prostatic hypertrophy -almost normal -hyperplasia of prostate prostatic cancer -adrenocarcinoma
13
Q
what are the symptoms of urine outflow obstruction?
A
slow stream hesitancy frequency urgency nocturia incomplete voiding
14
Q
what is the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
A
initially drug based -a-blocking drugs -anticholinergic -diuretics surgery-prostatectomy -open -robot assisted -transurethral prostatectomy
15
Q
describe prostatic malignancy occurance
A
starts >45 y/o 90% men >90yrs at autopsy most asymptomatic 2nd most common male cancer 89% 5 yr survival 63% 10 yr survival
