bowel cancer

Question 1

what are the symptoms of colonic carcinoma?

Answer 1

none
anaemia
rectal blood loss
change in habits
pain/lump in abdomen
weight loss
extreme tiredness

Question 2

what are polyps?

Answer 2

most carcinomas arise in polyps
peduculated/flat
if polyp removed cancer prevented
most blood due to irritation and trauma
most take 5 years to progress to malignancy

Question 3

what are the px controlled risk factors?

Answer 3

diet
-fat
-meat
smoking
alcohol
low exercise

Question 4

what are the medical/familial risk factors?

Answer 4

genetics-p53
ulcerative colitis
intestinal polyps

Question 5

compare intestinal polyps

Answer 5

small intestine- low risk
-peutz-jehgers syndrome
large intestine-high risk
-gardiners syndrome
cowdens syndrome

Question 6

what are the stages of colonic carcinoma?

Answer 6

A-submucosal
B- muscularis
C-lymph nodes
D-liver

Question 7

what are the tx for colonic carcinoma?

Answer 7

surgery
hepatic metastases
radiotherapy
chemo
often pallative

Question 8

what is colon cancer surgery?

Answer 8

resection of bowel tissue
edges anastamosed-joined together
if anastamosis not possible stoma needed
-permanent/temp
mucusal surface of bowel turned outward

Question 9

what is colonic screening?

Answer 9

FiT test
-faecal immunochemical test
-adults >60
scotland >50 
2 year repeat if neg
endoscopy if pos
other screening
-barium enema
-endoscopy
-CT/MRI
carcinoembryonic antigen