congenital heart defects Flashcards
what can finger clubbing indicate?
cardiac disease -congenital cyanotic heart disease -infective endocarditis -atrial myxoma lung diseases -lung cancer -cystic fibrosis -bronchiectasis IBS liver cirrhosis
what is finger clubbing?
bulging fingertips
downward curved nails
warm and red finger tips
soft nail beds
what is cyanosis?
when there is 5g/dl or more of deoxygenated Hb in the blood
what is central cyanosis?
poor oxygenation of the blood
oxygenated and deoxygenated mixing
what is peripheral cyanosis?
cold environment
slow circulation takes more O2 out of the Hb in the colder tissues
how is central cyanosis diagnosed?
always warm body tissues still blue
tongue easiest to see
how is peripheral cyanosis diagnosed?
cold extremities
vascular spasm
-raynauds disease
what are atrial septal defects?
most common -20-40% all septal defects least consequential most remain undetected throughout life low risk of endocarditis -except ICDA px usually non-cyanotic
why are atrial septal defects not cyanotic?
blood which makes it from the atria to the ventricle and out will be oxygenated
what is a ventricular septal defect?
pressure difference between L + r higher endocarditis risk higher risk of long term heart failure usually non-cyanotic different types
how are septal defects closed?
some shrink naturally with time and require no intervention
open heart surgery and closure directly of the defect
patch repair over defect
insertion of mesh on each side of defect by arterial access
what is ca-arctation of the aorta?
narrowing of aorta
what is patent ductus arteriosus?
ductus fails to close
