anaemia Flashcards
what is anaemia?
reduction in haemoglobin in the blood from the normal values for that population
how can haemoglobin issues arise?
inability to make haem
-usually iron deficiency
inability to make correct globin chains
-thalassemia, sickle cell
what can give a clue as to the cause of anaemia?
size of RBC
what is aplastic marrow?
no longer capable of producing cell lines
describe normal marrow?
variety of cells at dif stages of production
what are the 3 haematinics?
things used to make RBC’s
iron
vit B12
folic acid
what are the sources of iron?
meat
green leafy vegetables
iron tablets
what diseases reduce iron absorption?
achlorhydria -lack of stomach acid -no conversion of non-haem iron -may be drug induced coeliac disease
what causes iron loss?
castric erosions and ulcers inflammatory bowel disease -crohns -ulcerative colitis bowel cancer -colonic cancer -rectal cancer haemorrhoids
what are the sources of vit B12?
dairy
eggs
meat
fish
what causes vit B12 deficiency?
lack of intake lack of intrinsic factor -autoimmune stomach disease -gastric disease disease of terminal ilium -crohn's disease
what are the sources of folic acid?
vegetables
legumes
seeds & nuts
what causes folic acid dificiency?
lack of intake
absorption failute
coeliac disease
what can folic acid deficiency lead to in foetus?
neural tube defects
what is thalassaemia?
normal haem production
genetic mutation of globin chains
