respiratory overview Flashcards
what are the 2 components of the respiratory system?
ventilation -airway patency -active muscles gas exchange -adequate no. alveoli -no fibrosis of alveolar wall
what does white on a lung x-ray indicate?
fluid
in what direction does the thorax taper?
towards neck
what is a possible treatment for lung cancer?
removal of a lobe
what do ribs allow?
change in intrathoracic volume
what happens to breathing muscles in times of stress?
muscles of ventilation no longer adequate
accessory muscles used
what will inadequate ventilation affect?
O2 and CO2 levels
what is type 2 respiratory failure?
when ventilation inadequate to deliver enough O2 to blood
what is the limiting factor when ventilation is adequate?
ability of alveoli to get O2 in and CO2 out of blood
why can alveoli fail?
thickening of alveolar wall making diffusion harder
inadequate number (emphysema)
mismatch between where the air goes into the lungs and where the blood goes into the lungs
(V-Q mismatch)
what is type 1 resp failure?
gas exchange failure
what are the resp symptoms?
cough wheeze-expiratory noise stridor- inspiratory noise dyspnoea- distress on effort pain-general/inspiratory
what are the resp signs?
chest movement w/ respiration rate of respiration(12-15/min) air entry vocal resonance percussion note
what are the ventilation diseases?
asthma
COPD
bronciectasis
what are the gas exchange diseases?
COPD(emphysema)
pulmonary fibrosis
ventilation-perfusion mismatch
