COPD Flashcards
what is COPD?
mixed airway reversible obstruction and destructive lung disease asthma component (reversible) bronchiectasis & emphysema component (non-reversibe)
what is bronchiectasis
damage to airway alveoli caused by chronic infection
bronchial tube with increased amount of mucus
inflamed bronchial tube wall
what is emphysema?
destruction of alveoli
dilation of others to fill space
what are the signs of emphysema?
white lung on x-ray
increased cardiac size
symptoms persistent in winter months
what are the risk factors of COPD?
asthma pollution smoking age chemical exposure chronic bronchitis AAT deficiency
what are the complications?
heart failure pneumonia depression frailty acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
what are the symptoms of COPD?
chronic cough prod. of mucus fatigue shortness of breath dyspnea chest discomfort
how is COPD managed?
smoking cessation long acting bronchodilator inhaled steroids systemic steroids O2 support pulmonary rehab therapy
what factors exacerbate COPD?
environmental factors noncompliance w/ medications bacterial pathogens viral infection atypical bacteria
what is type 1 respiratory failure?
alveolar effects- hypoxia
reduced surface area for gas exchange
thickening of alveolar mucosal barrier
often hyperventilate to compensate
what is type 2 resp failure?
poor ventilation
-CO2 retention & hypoxia
airway narrowing
restrictive lung defects
how is type 1 detected?
PaO2< 8kPa on air
poor alveolar ventilation
diffusion abnormality
ventilation perfusion mismatch
how is type 2 detected?
PaCO2 > 6.7kPa
only in acute resp failure
only 20% reduction in ventilation needed to trigger
how is O2 used?
acute stage- give O2 until medical help arises
watch -resp rate
-SaO2
in chronic - fixed % delivery
how does airflow obstruction affect dentistry?
ability to attend for tx - home O2 -flammable - supplemental O2 needed in dental surgery inhaled steroids candida risk enhanced oral cancer risk (if smoker)
