Vaccines Flashcards
1. The first production of live but non-virulent forms of chicken cholera bacillus was achieved by:
A Pasteur
B Salk
C Jenner
D Montague
E Sabin
A Pasteur
2. What does the term variolation refer to?
A The generation of antibody variable regions
B The attenuation of virulent organisms
C Innoculation of scab material into small skin wounds
D The removal of scab material from an individual with smallpox
E A type of gene therapy
C Innoculation of scab material into small skin wounds
3. The circulation of a 2-month-old breast-fed baby will contain maternal:
A IgA
B IgD
C IgE
D IgG
E IgM
D IgG
4. What is the minimum percentage of children that need to be vaccinated successfully in order to achieve herd immunity to diphtheria?
A 100%
B 10%
C 50%
D 75%
E Herd immunity cannot be achieved against diphtheria
D 75%
5. For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, what is the most important facet of the immune response to be stimulated?
A A high titer of antibody
B Macrophage-activating cell-mediated immunity
C Cytotoxic T-cells
D Antibody in the gut lumen
E Neutrophils
B Macrophage-activating cell-mediated immunity
6. Which of the following diseases has been completely eradicated worldwide?
A Measles
B Smallpox
C Tuberculosis
D Cowpox
E Psittacosis
B Smallpox
7. BCG is used to protect against:
A Tuberculosis
B Rabies
C Hepatitis B
D Influenza
E Pertussis
A Tuberculosis
8. A small protein subunit used in a vaccine can fail to stimulate T-cell immunity because of:
A Lack of glycosylation
B Lack of conformation
C Lack of carrier determinants
D HLA-related unresponsiveness
E Inherently insufficient antigen concentration
D HLA-related unresponsiveness
9. Which of the following statements is TRUE of DNA vaccines?
A DNA vaccines are relatively poor at stimulating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in mice
B DNA vaccines must be administered on gold particles if they are to be effective
C DNA vaccines are only effective if followed by a protein boost
D DNA vaccines can have distinct advantages when preparing subunit vaccines against viruses that frequently alter their antigens
E DNA vaccines require cold storage in tropical countries
D DNA vaccines can have distinct advantages when preparing subunit vaccines against viruses that frequently alter their antigens
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE of a peptide immunogen?
A A peptide immunogen adopts a single rigid structure in solution
B A peptide immunogen can mimic a part of a discontinuous epitope
C A peptide immunogen can elicit potent antibody responses in the absence of T-cell help
D A peptide immunogen can be used to stimulate B-cell but not T-cell responses
E A peptide immunogen lacks contact residues capable of interacting with the antigen receptor on the relevant lymphocytes
B A peptide immunogen can mimic a part of a discontinuous epitope
11. Tetanus toxoid is usually given to humans:
A Absorbed to aluminum hydroxide
B With complete Freund’s adjuvant
C Without the addition of any other agent
D Together with the toxin
E Only as a therapeutic agent, not prophylactically
A Absorbed to aluminum hydroxide
12. What is a potential disadvantage of immunological protection using passive transfer of horse globulins?
A Serum sickness
B Irreversible protection [Incorrect]
C Lack of antibody-mediated immune response
D Type IV hypersensitivity reactions
E Immunodeficiency
A Serum sickness
13. Which of the following is a feature of a Salmonella-based vaccine expressing antigens from other infectious agents?
A Immunity is limited to the gut
B Only secretory IgA is elicited
C It does not invade the mucosal lining of the gut
D It provokes both oral and systemic immunity
E The organism does not need to be attenuated
D It provokes both oral and systemic immunity
14. To which one of the following groups would it be acceptable to give a live attenuated viral vaccine?
A Children under 8 years of age
B Patients treated with steroids
C Pregnant mothers
D Patients with leukemia
E Patients treated with radiotherapy
A Children under 8 years of age
15. An antibody response to a protein vaccine can only be obtained:
A If the molecule is first linked to a carrier
B If the molecule maintains discontinuous epitopes
C If the molecule is glycosylated
D If disulfide bonds are maintained
E If the peptide bonds are maintained
E If the peptide bonds are maintained
