The production of effectors Flashcards
1. Which is the first of the following genes to be upregulated subsequent to T-cell activation?
A Transferrin receptor
B Cytokine receptor
C Cytokine
D c-myc
E VLA-1
D c-myc
2. Cytokines always act:
A By binding to specific receptors
B In an autocrine fashion
C At long range
D Antagonistically with other cytokines
E Synergistically with other cytokines
A By binding to specific receptors
3. Which of the folllowing is a cytokine receptor that is a member of the hematopoietin receptor family?
A IL-8 receptor
B IFNγ receptor
C TNF (TNFα) receptor
D IL-1 receptor
E IL-2 receptor
E IL-2 receptor
4. The αβ heterodimeric form of the IL-2 receptor:
A Is downregulated on activated cells
B Binds IL-2 with high affinity
C Is found only on T-cells
D Uses CD45 as an α chain
E Allows rapid dissociation of bound IL-2
B Binds IL-2 with high affinity
5. IFNγ and TNF (TNFα) can act synergistically:
A To downregulate expression of MHC class I
B Because IFNγ downregulates expression of TNF receptors
C To upregulate expression of MHC class II
D Because they both bind to the same receptor
E Because they cross-link IFNγ and TNFβ receptors
C To upregulate expression of MHC class II
6. Which of the following is characteristically produced by the Th2 CD4 cells which provide help for antibody production, but not by Th1 cells?
A IFNγ
B Lymphotoxin (TNFβ)
C Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
D IL-4
E IL-1
D IL-4
7. Dendritic cells can be driven from a resting state to an activated state by the T-cell surface molecule:
A TCR
B CD40L
C CD28
D B7
E CD40
B CD40L
8. In the germinal center, B-cells become memory cells under the influence of:
A CD40
B CD23
C IL-1α
D IL-4
E TGFβ
A CD40
9. High affinity B-cell clones in mammals are usually generated by:
A Somatic hypermutation
B Expression of high affinity precursors in the naive B-cell population
C Class switching
D Apoptosis
E Gene conversion
A Somatic hypermutation
10. Prior to class switching, B-cells express:
A IgA alone
B IgA and IgG
C IgM and IgD
D IgD alone
E No surface Ig
C IgM and IgD
11. Which of the following is the cytokine that is most involved in the class switch to IgE production?
A IL-1
B IL-2
C TGFβ
D IL-4
E IL-5
D IL-4
12. What is the first event following the production of CH germline transcripts by immunoglobulin genes?
A VDJ rearrangement
B Light chain rearrangement
C Somatic hypermutation
D Apoptosis
E Class switch recombination
E Class switch recombination
13. The specificity of antibody secreted by a B-cell may not be the same as that of the surface Ig of the clonal parent because of:
A Class switching
B Somatic hypermutation
C Allelic exclusion
D Alternative splicing
E Different heavy : light pairing
B Somatic hypermutation
14. What is the major long-term source of a foreign antigen in the body?
A Anti-idiotype
B Complexes on the surface of follicular dendritic cells
C Antigen bound to the surface of B-cells
D Antigenic peptides in the groove of MHC molecules
E There are no long-term sources of foreign antigen in the body
B Complexes on the surface of follicular dendritic cells
15. Effector memory T-cells can be distinguished from the central memory T-cells from which they arise by:
A Their lifespan
B CD45RA
C CCR7
D CD3
E IL-4 secretion
C CCR7
