Tumor immunology

Question 1

1. Which of the following is an example of a known oncogenic virus?

A Herpes zoster

B HIV-2

C Epstein–Barr virus

D Vesicular stomatitis virus

E Proteus mirabilis

Answer 1

C Epstein–Barr virus

Question 2

2. Boon et al. showed that syngeneic transplantable tumors that mutate such that they express strong transplantation antigens are rejected. They called these variants:

A tum−

B Xenogeneic

C tum+

D Methylcholanthrene (MCA)

E Non-immunogenic

Answer 2

A tum−

Question 3

3. In pancreatic carcinoma the ras gene:

A Is absent

B Is normal but is overexpressed

C Has a large deletion

D Contains a single point mutation, always at the same position

E Contains a single point mutation, but not always at the same position

Answer 3

E Contains a single point mutation, but not always at the same position

Question 4

4. Strongly immunogenic tumors appear:

A In virtually all cancers

B Only in lymphoma and leukemia

C In immunosuppressed patients

D Only in experimental animals

E Only in elderly patients

Answer 4

C In immunosuppressed patients

Question 5

5. Which of the following is most commonly seen in African children with Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A Absence of EBV

B T-cell neoplasia

C Deletion of the c-myc gene

D Chromosome 8q24 to chromosome 14q32 translocation

E Chromosome 8q24 to chromosome 2p12 translocation

Answer 5

D Chromosome 8q24 to chromosome 14q32 translocation

Question 6

6. In Burkitt’s lymphoma, a vaccine against which of the following might prove useful?

A Epstein–Barr virus

B Marek’s disease virus

C Human papilloma virus

D Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)

E Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)

Answer 6

A Epstein–Barr virus

Question 7

7. A B-cell lymphoma will express a unique tumor antigen called:

A p53

B Endosialin

C SM-3

D Idiotype

E Lewis Lea

Answer 7

D Idiotype

Question 8

8. Which of the following is a diagnostic marker for tumors of the colon?

A Alpha-fetoprotein

B Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

C The presence of Reed–Sternberg cells

D EBV-related antigens

E Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)

Answer 8

B Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 9

9. Antigens normally expressed only on embryonic cells but also sometimes found on tumors are known as:

A Oncofetal antigens

B Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

C Maternal

D Neonatal

E Cryptic

Answer 9

A Oncofetal antigens

Question 10

10. CD44 is a molecule that can be involved in:

A Neoplastic transformation

B Metastatic spread

C Tumor surveillance

D Antigen recognition

E Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 10

B Metastatic spread

Question 11

11. The normal immunological control of tumors is referred to as:

A Immunological tolerance

B Immune surveillance

C Type III hypersensitivity

D Immunological silence

E Superantigen recognition

Answer 11

B Immune surveillance

Question 12

12. Which of the following statements is TRUE of malignant lymphoid cells?

A Malignant lymphoid cells show maturation arrest at characteristic stages in differentiation

B Malignant lymphoid cells form a polyclonal population of cells

C Malignant lymphoid cells are non-dividing

D Malignant lymphoid cells express several different tumor-specific antigens

E Malignant lymphoid cells are always derived from various stages of the normal B-cell differentiation pathway

Answer 12

A Malignant lymphoid cells show maturation arrest at characteristic stages in differentiation

Question 13

13. Which of the following is a type of tumor that is NOT derived from hematopoietic cells?

A Thymoma

B Myeloma

C Leukemia

D Lymphoma

E Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 13

A Thymoma

Question 14

14. Which of the following is an example of an immune escape mechanism used by some tumor cells?

A Inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase

B Increased expression of MHC class I

C Increased expression of PD-L1

D Decreased expression of FasL

E Shutdown of IL-10 production

Answer 14

C Increased expression of PD-L1

Question 15

15. Which of the following molecules are NOT used by tumor associated macrophages to generate an anti-inflammatory environment within a tumor?

A PD-L1

B IL-10

C Arginase

D Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)

E Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase

Answer 15

D Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)

Question 16

16. Which of the following is an example of tumor antigen associated with liver cancer?

A EBV

B PSA

C Muc-1

D HER2

E Alpha-fetoprotein

Answer 16

E Alpha-fetoprotein

Question 17

17. Which of the following is a molecule that is NOT targeted for checkpoint inhibition?

A CTLA-4

B PD-1

C PD-L1

D CD28

E Lag-3

Answer 17

D CD28

Question 18

18. HPV types 6 and 11 are associated with the development of:

A All cervical cancers

B Almost 70% of cervical cancers

C Approximately 50% of cervical cancers

D Just under 30% of cervical cancers

E They are not associated with the development of cervical cancer

Answer 18

E They are not associated with the development of cervical cancer

Question 19

19. Which of the following is a component that has often been used in chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)?

A Igα

B Igβ

C CD3 ζ

D Ig Cγ1 domain

E Ig Cλ domain

Answer 19

C CD3 ζ

Question 20

20. Evidence for immune surveillance of tumors comes from a substantially increased incidence of certain cancers in patients with:

A Allergy

B Autoimmune disease

C Immunodeficiency

D Helicobacter pylori infection

E Particular MHC haplotypes

Answer 20

C Immunodeficiency