The anatomy of the immune response

Question 1

1. Which of the following statements is the best example of a primary lymphoid organ?

A Lymph nodes

B Spleen

C Peyer’s patch

D Tonsil

E Thymus

Answer 1

E Thymus

Question 2

2. The thoracic duct:

A Enters the spleen

B Directly drains the lymph nodes

C Forms an interface between the lymph and blood

D Transports T-cells from the bone marrow to the thymus

E Is a part of the lamina propria

Answer 2

C Forms an interface between the lymph and blood

Question 3

3. When antigen reaches a lymph node in a primed animal:

A There is an increase in the output of cells in the efferent lymphatics over the following 24 h

B There is a decrease in the output of cells in the efferent lymphatics over the following 24 h

C There is an immediate output of activated blast cells

D It is transported to the spleen

E It is all immediately destroyed by macrophages

Answer 3

B There is a decrease in the output of cells in the efferent lymphatics over the following 24 h

Question 4

4. What are the specialized cell type involved in the entry of lymphocytes into lymph nodes called?

A M-cells

B Mesangial cells

C Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

D High-walled endothelium of the postcapillary venules (HEV) cells

E Selectins

Answer 4

D High-walled endothelium of the postcapillary venules (HEV) cells

Question 5

5. The very late antigen (VLA) molecules are:

A Homotrimers

B Homodimers

C Single chain molecules

D Heterodimers with a common β chain

E Heterodimers with a common α chain

Answer 5

D Heterodimers with a common β chain

Question 6

6. On entering a germinal center, the primary B-blasts grow exponentially to form which cell type in the dark zone?

A Secondary B-blasts

B Centrocytes

C Centroblasts

D Memory B-cells

E Plasma cells

Answer 6

C Centroblasts

Question 7

7. The tingible bodies inside germinal center macrophages are:

A DNA fragments

B Phagocytosed foreign antigen

C A sign of macrophage apoptosis

D Bacterial cell wall components resistant to degradation

E VLA molecules

Answer 7

A DNA fragments

Question 8

8. The paracortical area of a lymph node comprises mainly:

A Follicular dendritic cells

B Plasma cells

C Macrophages

D B-cells

E T-cells

Answer 8

E T-cells

Question 9

9. In a lymph node, the antigen pneumococcus polysaccharide SIII leads to:

A Lymphocyte proliferation in the paracortex

B Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) development

C Development of cellular hypersensitivity

D Proliferation in cortical lymphoid follicles

E The absence of germinal centers

Answer 9

D Proliferation in cortical lymphoid follicles

Question 10

10. Which of the following lymphoid tissues is unencapsulated?

A Thymus

B Lymph node

C Spleen

D Tonsil

E MALT

Answer 10

E MALT

Question 11

11. Expression of a CD8 α-α homodimer is characteristic of:

A Intraepithelial lymphocytes

B Follicular dendritic cells

C Eosinophils

D Classical cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

E Classical helper T-lymphocytes

Answer 11

A Intraepithelial lymphocytes

Question 12

12. Which of the following functions are macrophages unable to carry out?

A Pinocytosis

B Phagocytosis

C Antigen processing

D Activation of naive T-cells

E Antigen presentation to activated cells

Answer 12

D Activation of naive T-cells

Question 13

13. When Langerhans’ cells differentiate into fully mature dendritic cells (DCs) they:

A Downregulate CD1 expression

B Increase their endocytic activity

C Increase expression of B7.1

D Decrease expression of B7.2

E Become resistant to infection by HIV-1

Answer 13

C Increase expression of B7.1

Question 14

14. Langerhans’ cells are found in:

A Lymph

B Lymph nodes

C Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

D Skin

E Mantle zone

Answer 14

D Skin

Question 15

15. Which of the following statements is TRUE of lymphocytes?

A Lymphocytes enter the tissues and remain there for the rest of their life

B When mature, lymphocytes are only found in secondary lymphoid organs

C Lymphocytes recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues

D Lymphocytes are only educated in the thymus

E When present in the lymph, lymphocytes are called veiled cells

Answer 15

C Lymphocytes recirculate between blood and lymphoid tissues

Question 16

16. Which of the following statements is TRUE of follicular dendritic cells?

A Follicular dendritic cells can bind immune complexes

B Follicular dendritic cells are small round cells

C Follicular dendritic cells retain antigen for up to 24 h

D Follicular dendritic cells possess Fc receptors but lack C3b receptors

E Follicular dendritic cells are not found in germinal centers

Answer 16

A Follicular dendritic cells can bind immune complexes

Question 17

17. The spleen is largely involved with the response to antigens which are in the:

A Tissues

B Blood

C Gut

D Lungs

E Urogenital tract

Answer 17

B Blood

Question 18

18. Which of the following statements is the single best description of the location where adaptive immune responses arise?

A Secondary lymphoid tissue

B Spleen

C Lymph node

D MALT

E Germinal centers

Answer 18

E Germinal centers

Question 19

19. Which of the following statements is the single best defining characteristic of a follicular dendritic cell (FDC)?

A FDC is present in germinal centers

B FDC possesses long “dendrite-like” processes

C FDC expresses Fcγ receptors

D FDC functions to present antigen to B-cells

E FDC lacks expression of MHC class II

Answer 19

D FDC functions to present antigen to B-cells

Question 20

20. What is the single cell type most characteristically associated with the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A M-cell (microfold cell)

B Dendritic cell

C T-cell

D B-lymphocyte

E Mast cell

Answer 20

A M-cell (microfold cell)