Specific acquired immunity Flashcards
1. The initial complement component activated by complement-fixing antibodies is:
A C1q
B C1s
C C3b
D C5a
E C9
A C1q
2. Several of the complement components are:
A Glycolipids
B Cell surface molecules of lymphocytes
C Precursors of enzymes
D Hormones
E Antibodies
C Precursors of enzymes
3. The classical and alternative pathways meet at complement component:
A C4
B C4b
C Factor D
D C5
E C3
E C3
4. Clonal selection occurs when antigen is encountered by:
A Neutrophils
B Mast cells
C T-cells
D Basophils
E Eosinophils
C T-cells
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE of plasma cells?
A Plasma cells have a thin layer of cytoplasm
B Plasma cells are derived from T-cells
C Plasma cells develop into B-cells
D Plasma cells secrete large amounts of IFNγ
E Plasma cells have a high RNA content
E Plasma cells have a high RNA content
6. Specific antibodies are readily detectable in serum following primary contact with antigen after:
A 10 min
B 1 h
C 5–7 days
D 3–5 weeks
E Only following a second contact with antigen
C 5–7 days
7. A single plasma cell secretes:
A Antibody of a single specificity related to that on the surface of the parent B-cell
B Antibody of two antigen specificities
C The antigen it recognizes
D Many different types of antibody
E Lysozyme
A Antibody of a single specificity related to that on the surface of the parent B-cell
8. Immunological memory can be transferred experimentally by:
A Antibody
B Complement
C Phagocytes
D Lymphocytes
E Serum
D Lymphocytes
9. What is the main reason an experimental animal treated with X-rays can act as a living test tube for lymphocyte transfer experiments?
A It is microbiologically sterile
B Complement components will be inactivated
C The host lymphocytes are destroyed or unable to divide
D Only non-dividing cells are affected
E The requirement for T-cell help is overcome
C The host lymphocytes are destroyed or unable to divide
10. What is immunological unresponsiveness to self-antigens called?
A Tolerance
B Tolerogen
C Memory
D Acquired immunity
E Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
A Tolerance
11. Edward Jenner vaccinated against smallpox using:
A Killed smallpox virus
B A recombinant protein derived from smallpox
C An unrelated virus
D Toxoid
E Cowpox
E Cowpox
12. Protective antibodies against infectious agents are often:
A Autoantibodies
B Neutralizing
C Toxoids
D Natural killer (NK)
E Non-specific
B Neutralizing
13. Intracellular parasites within macrophages are killed more readily in the presence of:
A Antibody
B Kinins
C Properdin
D IFNγ
E Anaphylatoxin
D IFNγ
14. T-cell surface receptors for antigen partly recognize:
A Cytokines
B Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
C ADCC
D Antibody
E IL-2
B Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
15. An immune response against grass pollen often involves:
A Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
B Breakdown of self-tolerance
C A hypersensitivity reaction
D Reaction against MHC
E Persistent infection by the pollen
C A hypersensitivity reaction
16. Why are secondary antibody responses better?
A They provide defense against unrelated antigens
B The antibody can be made by both T- and B-cells
C Complement-fixing antibodies are made
D They do not require T-cell help
E They are stronger and faster
E They are stronger and faster
17. Which cell type produces antibodies?
A Macrophages
B T-lymphocytes
C NK
D Plasma cells
E Eosinophils
D Plasma cells
18. What is the single best defining description of the classical pathway of complement activation?
A It acts as a cascade
B It produces a C5 convertase
C In generates the membrane attack complex (MAC)
D It results in the splitting of C3 into C3a and C3b
E It utilizes complement component C1r
E It utilizes complement component C1r
19. What is the single best defining feature of a lymphocyte?
A A type of leukocyte
B A cell that is specialized to produce cytokines
C Present in the circulation
D Antigen-specific
E Able to undergo cell proliferation
D Antigen-specific
20. What is the characteristic that best defines the acquired immune response?
A It exhibits immunological memory
B It involves leukocytes
C It involves cell proliferation
D The cells involved recognize pathogens
E It is not present at birth
A It exhibits immunological memory
