UXO evidence, UXO Access, Protective works Flashcards
What are 4 types of incidents an EOR may be sent to recce?
- Explosion
- Camouflet
- Explosive Hazard
- False reports
What evidence may indicate an explosion had occurred in the area?
-Eyewitness reports of noise , smoke and/or flash
-Residual smell and/or black deposits
-Breakage of windows or other blast damage
-Primary fragmentation
-Crater/s
-Evidence of earth shock
-Cracking of ground due to shallow camoflet
What is a Camouflet
The resulting cavity from a deep underground detonation with no rupture of the surface
What are three types of Camoflet?
- Shallow
- Deep
- Collapsed
What is the difference between the three types of Camoflets?
Shallow
-Lift earth into a mound and cracks on the surface
Deep
-May not be cracks on the surface, possibly a carbon blackened entry hole
Collapsed
-Surface of ground remains on top of crater and no debris or blast damage around
What is the difference between primary and secondary frag?
Primary
-Material that is in intimate contact with the explosive
Secondary
-Produced by the impact of primary frag or blast
What are the methods of extracting a buried UXO?
Hand Excavation
Shaped Charges
Machinery
Name the types of protective works
- Trenching
- Venting
- Buttressing
- Surrounds
- Walls
- Mounding
What are the considerations to decide on protective works?
- Type and size of UXO
- Position of UXO
- Soil Composition
- Screening or funnelling effects
- Safety distances
- Whether the structure is outside the crater
Name three methods most effective against earth-shock?
- Trenching
- Venting
- Buttressing
How low does a trench need to be dug below an installation for protection?
-700mm
How deep must a bomb be IOT be considered buried?
More than two and a half times its length
What two conditions must be met before trenching can be used as a means of protection against earth-shock damage?
- Located outside of probable crater area
- Within the radius for earth shock
