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401-101 > CBRN, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear > Flashcards

CBRN, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Flashcards

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1
Q

What state can chemical agents be in?

A

Liquid
Gas
Solid

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2
Q

What are the two ways to define the period of time a chemical hazard will remain active?

A

Persistent

Non-persistent

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3
Q

What are the 2 classifications of chemical agents?

A

Toxic and non-toxic

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4
Q

What are the 4 Toxic chemical agents?

A

Nerve agents - G & V
Choking agents - CG & CL
Blood agents - AC & CK
Blister agents - CX, H & L

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5
Q

What are the 2 non-toxic chemical agents?

A

Incapacitating agents - LSD & BZ

Riot control agents - CS, CN & DM

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6
Q

What are some common nerve agents?

A

GA - Tabun
GB - Sarin
GD - Soman
V series - Most common VX

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7
Q

Where does the NATO designation GA, GB etc come from?

A

They were first developed in Germany (G) and the timeline of their development A, B, C etc. The most common/easy to produce variants are generally listed listed.

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8
Q

Where does the NATO designation VX come from?

A

The original V series nerve agent was developed in Britain as a pesticide under the name Amiton in 1954. This was quickly withdrawn as it was too toxic. The British Armed Forces continued its development and named it Venomous Agent. This research was traded with the US for nuclear research which began large scale production of the VX agent.

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9
Q

How do nerve agents enter and act upon the body?

A

They are inhaled, ingested or absorbed into to body. They disrupt the signals from your nervous system to your muscles causing respiratory failure, depression of the nervous system and airway obstruction from bronchial and salivary secretions.

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10
Q

What are some characteristics of nerve agents?

A 
Rapid acting, death within minutes
Percutaneous, penetrate skin/clothing
Cumulative
Persistent as liquid
Disseminated as liquid or vapour
Colourless/odourless, hard to detect with senses
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11
Q

What are common initial nerve agent symptoms?

A 
Unexplained runny nose and increased saliva
Chest tightness
Pinpointing of pupils (MIOSIS)
Dimness of vision, difficult to focus
Frontal headache
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12
Q

What is used for nerve agent treatment?

A

NAPS - Nerve agent pre-treatment set

Combo pen - 3 pens with 3 agents mixed per pen (Atropine, Obidoxime, Diazepam)

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13
Q

If the combo pen is administered without a nerve agent in the body you will suffer Atropine poisoning. What are the symptoms? These will be the opposite of the nerve agent symptoms.

A

Rapid pulse rate (over 100 bpm)
Very dry mouth and throat
Hot dry skin
Enlarged pupils

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14
Q

You are issued 3 ComboPens if there is a risk of nerve agent attack. What is the allowable dose?

A

1 pen every 10mins as signs and symptoms exist to a maximum of 3 auto-injectors.

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15
Q

What is the defensive action against a nerve agent?

A

Conduct masking drill
Inject auto-injector
Conduct personal decontamination

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16
Q

How do choking agents work?

A

Chemicals that attack lung tissue causing fluid build up thus dry land drowning. The agents become corrosive when contacting the skin and eyes causing burn and blurred vision.

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17
Q

What are some common choking agents?

A

Phosgene CG
Chlorine CL
Diphosgene DP

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18
Q

What are some choking agent symptoms?

A 
- Short Term
Irritation to the eyes
Shortness of breath, coughing, choking
Nausea and vomiting
- Long Term
Rapid shallow breathing
Cyanosis (blue lips and skin)
Painful cough
Frothy yellow sputum
Death up to 3-48 hours after exposure
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19
Q

How do blood agents work?

A

Usually disseminated as a vapour blood agents affect the circulatory/reparatory systems preventing the transfer of oxygen between cells.

20
Q

What are some common blood agents?

A

Hydrogen cyanide AC

Cyanogen Chloride CK

21
Q

What are some characteristics of blood agents?

A

Rapid acting
Non-cumulative
Break down mask filters faster than other agents

22
Q

What are symptoms of blood agents?

A 
Giddiness/dizziness
Breathing rate - AC (increase) CK (decrease)
Headache
Increase pulse/pounding heart
Skin/lips colour AC (red) CK (blue)
Convulsions/unconsciousness/coma/death
23
Q

How do blister agents work?

A

They burn and blister the skin, eyes, throat. Most cause little or no pain when first contacted. Signs may be delayed several hours.

24
Q

What are some common blister agents?

A 
Mustard H, HD, HN
Arsenicals L (Lewisite)
Urticants CX (Phosgene oxime - causes welts instead of blisters)
25
Q

What are symptoms of blister agents?

A 
Violent irritation of eyes
Skin irritation (immediate or delayed)
Respiratory tract injuries
Diarrhoea, restlessness, weakness, temperatures and low blood pressure
Up to 3 months healing
High dose can cause death
26
Q

What are 2 common riot control agents?

A

Tear gas CS and CN

Vomiting agents DM (adamsite)

27
Q

How does an Incapacitating agent affect an individual?

A

Produce physiological or mental effects and impair the persons abilities to carry out their duties.

28
Q

What are some of the immediate symptoms of incapacitating agents?

A 
Rapid heart rate
Dry mouth, lips and throat
Increased pupil size and blurred vision
Headache and vomiting
Dizziness
Confusion and stupour
Staggering and slurred speach
Failure to respond to orders
29
Q

What is the sequence of a nuclear explosion?

A 
Detonation
Fireball
Radiation (initial/thermal)
Pressure wave
Fallout
30
Q

What are the delayed effects of radiation?

A

Shortening if life span
Increased cancer
Cataracts
Genetic damage

31
Q

What is issued CBRN individual protective equipment suitable for?

A

Chemical, biological, nuclear and low-level radiation. There are different equipment items for specific tasks and materials.

32
Q

What is worn and carried for MOPP level 0?

A

Normal clothing worn, respirator carried and IPE immediately available.

33
Q

What is worn and carried for MOPP level 1 ?

A

CBRN suit worn

Respirator, gloves and boots carried

34
Q

What is worn and carried for MOPP level 2 ?

A

CBRN suit and boots worn

Respirator and gloves carried

35
Q

What is worn and carried for MOPP level 3 ?

A

CBRN suit, boots and gloves worn

Respirator carried

36
Q

What is worn and carried for MOPP level 4 ?

A

CBRN suit, boots, gloves and respirator all worn.

37
Q

What does MOPP stand for?

A

Mission orientated protective posture

38
Q

What is the shelf life of an S10 respirator?

A

10 years LWP-G 3-9-10 2018

39
Q

What is the operational life of an AMF 12 canister after gross liquid contamination with a blood agent?

A

20 minutes

40
Q

What colour change indicators are on the M8 liquid detector paper?

A

Yellow G series
Red H series
Green V series

41
Q

What colour change indicators are on the M9 liquid detector paper?

A

G, V and H series agents are all displayed as red

42
Q

What is the initial cordon size for chemical hazard?

A

450m radius, 2km downwind at an angle of 355mils either side of the axis.

43
Q

What are the peacetime disposal methods for chemical agents?

A

Neutralisation
Incineration
Emergency recovery

44
Q

Decontamination is conducted at what 4 levels?

A

Immediate - individual or IA drill
Operational - Will allow the operation to be completed
Thorough - Allow lowering IPE state
Final - Allow return to normal use and operation

45
Q

What are the 5 methods of decontamination?

A

Weathering - Allow heat and rain to clear (generally non-persistent)
Flushing/Removal - Using water/steam to remove
Burning - Works on contaminated items (not radiological)
Covering - Cover with dirt or plastic sheet for temporary protection
Neutralising - Decontaminant chemical solutions for CB agents.

46
Q

Is caustic soda a decontaminant for Blood agent AC (hydrogen cyanide)?

A

Yes

47
Q

What are the 4 steps of decontamination at a personal decontamination station?

A

Decontaminate
Wait
Rinse
Check

401-101 (17 decks)

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