Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

401-101 > AT SGT Wpn Design > Flashcards

AT SGT Wpn Design Flashcards

2.2.1 - History, Ordnance , Artillery, Mortars , Delivery Systems

1
Q

Define Ammunition

A

All the material used in discharging all types of firearms or any weapon that throws

projectiles, shot, shrapnel, bullets, cartridges

and the the means of igniting and exploding them as primers and fuzes.

Chemicals, bombs, grenades, mines and pyrotechnics are also ammunition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the ingredients of Greek fire?

A

Naphtha, sulfur and pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who first wrote the black powder composition in Europe?

A

Roger Bacon in 1242

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main component of single based propellant?

A

nitrocellulose is the primary ingredient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What primarily makes up the composition of double based propellant?

A

nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin are the primary ingredients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What primarily makes up the composition of triple based propellant?

A

nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin and nitroguanidine are the primary ingredients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some types of rifling?

A
  • Vavassuar’s driving band (studded projectile)
  • Hexagonal or Whitworth rifling (Hex barrel and projectile)
  • Woolwich rifling (studded projectile)
  • French rifling (studded projectile)
  • Oval Bore (rounded grooves)
  • Lead coated projectile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What flaws did the Henry Martini rifle suffer from?

A

Extraction issues due to weak cartridge cases and fowling due to black powder propellant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between an artillery mount and an artillery carriage?

A

Mount - The wheels do not contact the ground when fired. Self propelled artillery is also considered mounted

Carriage - The wheels are on the ground during firing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 main structures of artillery pieces? What do they provide to the ordnance?

A

Superstructure
* Directly support the ordnance
* Provide azimuth and elevation adjustment
* Sighting

Basic Structure
* Contact with the ground
* Transfers firing stress to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the components that can be part of the superstructure?

A
  • Saddle
  • Cradle
  • Recoil system
  • Balancing gear
  • Elevation gear
  • Traversing gear
  • Sights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of an artillery mount?

A
  • Support during transport
  • Stability during firing
  • Give ordnance direction (elevation and azimuth)
  • Accurate and quick laying
  • Absorb recoil and return to firing position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of an artillery cradle?

A

Support the ordnance and recoil system
Transfer the firing force through the trunnions
Allow vertical movement for aiming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the recuperator?

A

Part of the recoil system that returns the ordnance to it’s firing position after it has recoiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define obturation?

A

The sealing of the projectile in the barrel and breech to minimize the escape of the propelling gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why was the Armstrong gun famous?

A

It was the first adopted breech loading gun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the purpose of rifling?

A

To impart spin on a projectile as it travels down the bore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What where early barrels made from?

A

Bronze for smaller barrels and iron for larger barrels. Later cast iron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is considered the inventor of artillery?

A

Berthold Schwartz (Black Berthold) in 1313 after he blew the lid off an iron vessel by accident.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 3 types of cradles?

A
  • Trough
  • Ring
  • Open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of a barrel?

A

A vessel to contain the energetic force to propel a projectile safely and predictably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of a barrel?

A

Life
Strength
Centre of Gravity
Stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 5 methods of barrel construction?

A

Wire wound
Built up
Loose liner
Composite
Mono Bloc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 5 stresses on a barrel?

A

Girder - stiffness
Radial
Circumferential - Hoop
Longitudinal - stretch along the length
Torsion - rifling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are 2 types of breech locks?

A

Interrupted screw thread
Slide block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 3 types of Sliding block mechanisium?

A

Tied jaw
Open jaw
Closed jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Explain how a fume extractor works?

A

A chamber with small apertures into the barrel pressurises as a round is fired and creates positive pressure toward the front of the barrel once the projectile has exited. When the breech is opened air is forced out the muzzle drawing out of the crew compartment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name 3 types of muzzle brake?

A

Build up
Solid forge
Swagged (single machined piece)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 7 types of mortar fire?

A

Preparatory (bedding)
Covering
Defensive
Harassing
Counter battery
Smoke
Illumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 5 design characteristics of a mortar?

A

Smooth bore
No recoil mechanism
Elevation restricted to above 800mils
Muzzle loaded
No direct fire capability

31
Q

Who designed the earliest time fuze?

A

Col Edward Mounier Boxer made the Boxer fuze.

32
Q

What is indirect fire?

A

Fire delivered at a target which can’t be seen

33
Q

Describe the 8 tasks of indirect fire.

A
  • Suppression - Limits the ability of the target to conduct it’s role
  • Neutralisation - Prevents the target from taking action
  • Destruction - Render the target permanently combat ineffective
  • Harassment - Disrupt the enemy by impeding movement or supply or force redeployment
  • Interdiction - Depth task to isolate enemy units shaping the battlefield. Delay, disrupt or weaken the enemy.
  • Illumination - Provide white or IR light over the battlefield
  • Counter Battery - Retaliate against enemy indirect fire
  • Coordination of fires - Increase fire effect by coordinating multiple indirect capabilities
34
Q

What is windage?

A

A gap is required between a mortar bomb and the mortar tube to allow it to drop down the tube. This gap is know as windage.

35
Q

What is a free fire rocket definition?

A

A tube open at one end. Fuel burns and is released out the open end with enough force to push the rocket along a flight path. The flight path can not be changed in flight.

36
Q

What is an artillery basic structure composed of?

A
  • Trails
  • Saddle supports
  • Articulations
  • Spades
  • Platforms
  • Wheels and axels
  • Suspension and brakes
37
Q

What is the purpose of smoke ammunition?

A

Blind enemy observation from direct and observers of indirect fire and of our troop movement. Mark enemy for other weapon systems.

38
Q

How can you extend the life of a barrel?

A
  • Cooler burning propellants
  • Barrel cooling techniques
  • Bore surface finishes
39
Q

He frag of the mortar bomb can be influenced by?

A

Body material will produce various types of shrapnel. Preformed fragmentation or scored lining.

40
Q

What did the British call picric acid?

A

Lyddite

41
Q

What are the 5 basic requirements of artillery?

A
  • Range
  • Ammunition
  • Accuracy and Consistency
  • Mobility
  • Protection
42
Q

What is the purpose of an Equilibrator?

A

To provide mechanical assistance to elevation

43
Q

What improves the range of artillery?

A

Ballistic coefficient, Post firing boosts

44
Q

Define the accuracy of artillery.

A

The measurement of precision that the MPI can be placed on target.

45
Q

What was HMX originally a byproduct of?

A

RDX manufacture

46
Q

What common service EO is PETN used in?

A

Det cord

47
Q

State 4 variations that affect consistency?

A

Muzzle velocity
Ballistic coefficient
Weather
Wear, laying and ramming of the gun

48
Q

Why are gun shields excluded on modern guns?

A

Reduce weight for mobility and air transport.

49
Q

What are mortar design advantages?

A
  • Large rate of fire in short time
  • Mobility
  • Lethality against troops in open
  • Low velocity
  • Simple and inexpensive
  • Easy to operate
  • Silent in flight
  • Lightweight
  • Easy to dig in and conceal
50
Q

What are the mortar disadvantages?

A
  • No direct attack
  • Easy to locate
  • High angle fire long flight time
  • Limited range
  • Bedding in required
51
Q

What ammo natures does artillery use?

A
  • HE
  • Illumination
  • Smoke
  • Sub munitions
  • Guided
52
Q

What are HE fuzing options?

A
  • Air Burst
  • Impact
  • Delay
53
Q

Why is less illumination ammunition carried in modern wars?

A

Soldiers have NFE. Image intensifiers, Low light TV, Thermal imaging, Infra red sights.

54
Q

What are design characteristics of unconventional mortars?

A
  • Rifled bore
  • Breech loading
  • Low angle of fire
55
Q

What are the 4 components of a mortar?

A
  • Barrel
  • Legs
  • Sight
  • Base plate
56
Q

What are the 3 firing mechanisms?

A
  • Electric
  • Percussion
  • Electric percussion
57
Q

What can affect the accuracy of artillery?

A
  • Survey of guns
  • Target location accuracy
  • Ammunition and instrument inaccuracy
  • External conditions
58
Q

What are Lands?

A

Raised sections of rifling

59
Q

What is “Shot Start”?

A

The moment the projective starts to move down the barrel

60
Q

CWR of mortar bomb?

A

over 20%

61
Q

Why is safe arming in gun fuzes easier than in mortars?

A

Guns have higher firing forces

62
Q

What is a disadvantage on using all up rounds?

A

Low trajectory of gun makes target behind terrain harder to hit

63
Q

How is calibre measured?

A

Land to Land

64
Q

List some early projectile types

A
65
Q

What did Col Shrapnel design?

A
66
Q

What is a howitzer gun?

A
67
Q

What are the advantages of free fire rockets?

A
68
Q

What are the disadvantages of free fire rockets?

A
69
Q

What are the problems designers face when increasing the range on projectiles?

A
70
Q

What are some threats to modern artillery?

A
71
Q

Describe a ring cradle?

A
72
Q

What is the function of an artillery gun trail?

A
73
Q

Describe the mortar firing?

A
74
Q

What are the types of mortar augmented charges?

A

401-101 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions