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401-101 > EOD Basics, Explosive Theory > Flashcards

EOD Basics, Explosive Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the EO threat.

A

The EO threat refers to the existence of EH, not to the physical effects of the threat. The threat lies in all operational theatres likely to be encountered by Australian forces

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2
Q

Define EOD

A

The detection, identification, field evaluation, render safe, recovery and final disposal of Explosive Hazards (EH). Also dealing with UXOs beyond the scope of personnel normally assigned.

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3
Q

What are the requirements for EOD authorisation?

A

Complete ADF Module 2 EOD course.

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4
Q

How often are you to requalify to maintain EOD currency?

A

every 3 years.

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5
Q

Define IED

A
  • Improvised Explosive Device
  • Placed or fabricated in an improvised manner with a destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic or chemical designed to harass, destroy or disfigure a target
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6
Q

What is IEDD?

A
  • Improvised Explosive Device Disposal

- The disposal or render safe

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7
Q

What are the Tri service EOD assets and responsibility?

A

Navy

  • AUSCDT
  • Responsible for disposal of EH found underwater up to and including the high water mark, on HMAS, where diving or salvage is required and on maritime bases. Does not include inland waterways unless diving is required.

Army

  • RAE (Combat Engineers)
  • RAAOC (Ammunition Technician)
  • Responsible for disposal of conventional EH on land and inland waterways (RAN assistance maybe required). Maintains C2 primacy for the joint environment on land operations.

Air Force

  • Combat Support Group (CSG)
  • EOD services on all RAAF bases and deployed air bases, air weapon ranges and ADF aircraft crash sites.
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8
Q

What are the 4 main elements of command and control (C2) for EOD operations?

A

Decision making
Intelligence
Deployment of resources
proven procedures

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9
Q

Name the Decision making options for EOD

A
  • Ignore
  • Avoid
  • Blow in place
  • Remove
  • Render safe and remove
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10
Q

What are the 4 EOD catergories?

A

CAT A
-Incidents that constitute a grave, immediate threat.

CAT B
-Incidents that constitute a threat to equipment, facilities or infrastructure but only an indirect threat to life. May also have an intelligence value.

CAT C
-Incidents that constitute little threat

CAT D
-Incidents that constitute no threat at the present time

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11
Q

What are some of the different reports you can log?

A
  • EOD 1 (Initial Report/Tasking, may include 10 liner)
  • EOD 2 (Confirmed EO report, Continuation of EOD 1)
  • EOD 3 (EOD intelligence report)
  • GI-017 (Domestic disposal action report)
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12
Q

What is the doctrine composition of and EOD team?

A

No1 - Leads and conducts task including the RSP/disposal. Primary EOD technician.
No2 - Backup EOD technician can step up. In control while No1 is down on task.
No3/4 - Usually have some EOD qualification for on site support.
An additional 2 personnel to provide team mobility in PMV

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13
Q

What is an EOR technician (to be phased out) responsible for?

A

-EO Recon, to include detailed categorisation, measure and draw on all types of EO

  • Detection, ID, evaulation and destruction in place of foreign and domestic EO including:
    1. Conventional LSO up to 160mm
    2. Submunitions
    3. FFR (unguided) up to 160mm
    4. Open booby traps
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14
Q

What is an EOR tech (to be phased out) prohibited from disposing in place?

A
  • CBRN munitions
  • IED/Closed booby traps/Specialist explosive device
  • ADW
  • GW
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15
Q

What are the categories of explosives?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Atomic (fusion and fission)
  • Chemical
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16
Q

What is an explosive?

A

Any mixture or chemical compound which under the influence of heat or mechanical action undergoes a sudden chemical change to produce the liberation of energy and the development of heat and high pressure gas.

17
Q

What are the 3 categories of of chemical explosions?

A
  • Combustion - Temperature is raised to ignition point and uses the substance and oxygen in the air to generate heat. If ignition is maintained the substance is consumed by burning.
  • Explosion - Combustion where oxygen is supplied by an oxidiser. Much faster than combustion. Maximum burning rate approx 300m/s.
  • Detonation - Instantaneous decomposition between atoms in the molecules rather than between substances. A shock wave is generated between 3000 and 9000 m/s.
18
Q

What are the types of detonation?

A
  • Full detonation - High order, Max velocity of detonation
  • Partial detonation or deflagration- some explosive is chemically unchanged (likely disintegrated and thrown around)
  • Sympathetic detonation
  • Burn to detonation
19
Q

What is detonation?

A

Detonation is the instantaneous decomposition of molecules resulting in a violent and rapid combustion. The rate of decomposition is limited only by the velocity at which the material can transmit the shock wave.

20
Q

What are the classification of explosives and some of their types?

A
  • High explosive
  1. Primary Explosive (Lead styphaniate, Lead Azide, Mercuy Fulminate, DDNP)
  2. Secondary
    a. Primers or Boosters (CE primer, RDX, PETN)
    b. Main charge (TNT, amatol, HMX, Tritnil, Comp-B)
  • -Low explosives are propellants and pyrotechnics. (gunpowder, thermite, cordite)
21
Q

What is the velocity of detonation?

A

Rate of a shockwave passing through an explosive substance, causing a breakdown of molecules

22
Q

What are the two basic methods of initiating an detonation?

A
  • Burning to detonation
  • Shock to detonation
23
Q

How can VoD be measured?

A
  • Speed of the shockwave passing through the material
  • Speed at which the explosive is transformed into gases
24
Q

What does VoD typically range from?

A

2000-9000m/s

25
Q

What are the two types of explosive train?

A
  • Igniferous (low explosive)
  • Explosive (high explosive)
26
Q

What is the monroe effect?

A

When detonating an explosive with a cavity at the target end, a jet of gases is formed which concentrates energy onto the target adjacent the charge. Improved with a liner and stand-off

27
Q

What is the misnay-schardin effect

A

A dish shaped liner at the end of a cylindrical explosive that forms an Explosive Formed Projectile, the projectile does the penetration

28
Q

What are the 4 types of solid propellants?

A
  • Single (NC
  • Double (NC, NG)
  • Triple (NC, NG, Nitroguanidine)
  • Condensed (polymer matrix)
29
Q

What are the two types of liquid propellants their their subcatergories?

A

Monopropellants

  • Monergols
  • Catergols

Bipropellants

  • Hypergolic
  • Non hypergolic
30
Q

What are some pyrotechnic functions? (DIISSST)

A
  • Delays
  • Incendiaries
  • Illumination
  • Signalling
  • Sound
  • Smoke
  • Tracking
31
Q

What is exudation?

A

Impurities in the explosive filling which melt and exude from the body of the filling. Crystals or residue formed are extremely sensitive.

32
Q

What is extrusion?

A

The thermal expansion of HE filling which forces the sealing composition out through the body. Can be sensitive in tropical environments.

33
Q

What are some HE fill techniques?

A
  • Cast
  • Poured
  • Pressed
  • Block fitted
34
Q

What are the 6 critical factors in shape charges?

A
  • Stand off
  • Initiator Placement
  • Uniform explosive fill
  • Cone material
  • Cone angle
  • Angle of attack

401-101 (17 decks)

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