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STEP 1 > uworld factoids > Flashcards

uworld factoids Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

osteitis fibrosa cystica

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2
Q

brown pigment stones - cause

A

due to infections of the biliary tract - bacteria release beta-glucuronidase that increases the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile

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3
Q

succinylcholine can cause significant release of what electrolyte

A

potassium (can lead to arryhtmias)

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4
Q

consequence of biliary hypomotility

A

biliary sludge

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5
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis transmission

A

in utero

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6
Q

medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - histology

A

amyloid formed by calcitonin secreted from neoplastic parafollicular C cells

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7
Q

single palmar crease

A

trisomy 21

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8
Q

local defense against candida is carried out by

A

T cells

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9
Q

systemic infection of candida is prevented by

A

neutrophils

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10
Q

imperforate anus occurs with what other abnormalities

A

urinary tract defects

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11
Q

direct inguinal hernia occurs due to breakdown of what?

A

transversalis fascia

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12
Q

baroreceptors transmit their information to what part of the brain?

A

solitary nucleus of the medulla

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13
Q

hypertension race risk

A

black>white>asian

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14
Q

what causes abdominal aortic aneuryms?

A

atherosclerosis

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15
Q

what causes thoracic aortic aneurysm?

A

tertiary syphilis, marfans

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16
Q

tertiary sysphilis causes thoracic abdominal aneurysm how

A

endarteritis of vasa vasorum

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17
Q

how does HTN cause aortic dissection

A

hypertrophy of vasa vasorum

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18
Q

markedly different bp in both arms

A

aortic dissection

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19
Q

hemophilia B inheritance pattern

A

X linked recessive

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20
Q

huntingtons inheritance pattern

A

autosomal dominant

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21
Q

classical galactosemia inheritance pattern

A

autosomal recessive

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22
Q

lesch nyhan inheritance pattern

A

x linked recessive

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23
Q

LHON inheritance

A

mitochondrial

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24
Q

top 1/3 of ureters are supplied by what artery?

A

renal artery

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25
Q

whats the most common cardiomyopathy

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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26
Q

what type of mutation is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

autosomal dominant

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27
Q

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ABCCCD, HSP

alcohol abuse
beri beri (wet)
chagas
cocaine
coxsackie a/b myocarditis 
doxorubicin
hemochromotosis
sarcoidosis 
pregnancy (late)
28
Q

type of hypertrophy seen in dilated cardiomypoathy

A

eccentric

sarcomeres added in series

29
Q

what extra heart sound is heard with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

S3

30
Q

what extra heart sound is heard with hypertrophic cardiomoypoathy?

A

s4

31
Q

most common cause of death in freidrich’s ataxia

A

HOCM

32
Q

beta-myosin heavy chain mutation

A

hocm

33
Q

classic histology finding in hOCM

A

myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis

34
Q

low voltage EKG with diminshed QRS amplitude

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

35
Q

most common cause of bacterial endocarditis in IVDA

A 
staph aureus
(less common, psuedomonas, candida)
36
Q

bacterial endocarditis associated with prosthetic valves

A

staph epidermidis

37
Q

bacterial endocarditis associated with people with underlying colorectal carcinoma

A

strep bovis

38
Q

most common overall bacterial cause for bacterial endocarditis

A

strep viridans

39
Q

culture negative bacterial endocarditis organisms

A 
HACEK
haemophilus
actinobacillus
cardiobacterium
eikenella
kingella
40
Q

PSGN can occur after

A

strep pharyngitis OR strep impetigo

41
Q

rheumatic fever can occur after

A

strep pharyngitis ONLY

42
Q

mechanism of acute rheumatic fever?

A

molecular mimicry between bacterial m proteins and proteins found in human tissue

43
Q

histology of myocarditis in acute rheumatic fever

A

aschoff bodies = giant cells with fibrinoid material with anitschkow cells inside (slender wavy nuclei)

44
Q

aschoff bodies = giant cells with fibrinoid material with anitschkow cells inside (slender wavy nuclei)

A

acute rheumatic fever

45
Q

fish mouth appearance of valves

A

chronic rheumatic fever

46
Q

heart problems in acute vs. chronic rheumatic fever

A 
acute = regurgitation
chronic = stenosis (fusion of commissures)
47
Q

hyperdynamic circulation occurs in what abnormality

A

aortic regurgitation

48
Q

whats pulsus paradoxus

A

decrease of BP by > 10 mmhg upon inspiration

seen in cardiac tamponade

49
Q

becks triad

A

1) hypotension
2) distant heart sounds
3) jvd

cardiac tamponade

50
Q

most common primary cardiac tumor in children

A

rhabdomyoma (tuberous sclerosis)

seen in venricle

51
Q

most common location of cardiac myxoma

A

atria- usually LA

52
Q

Whats the most common cardiac tumor

A

metastasis, usually from: breast, lung, melanoma, lymphoma

53
Q

diastolic tumor plop sound

A

cardiac myxoma

54
Q

cardiac tumor with gelatinous appearance and abundant ground tissue on histology

A

myxoma

55
Q

difference between bacillary angiomatosis and kaposi sarcoma

A 
bacillary = neutrophillic infiltrate
kaposi = lymphocytic infiltratie
56
Q

pvc exposure predisposes to

A

angiosarcoma

57
Q

arsenic exposure predisposes to

A

angiosarcoma

58
Q

radiation cancer treatment MOA

A

double stranded DNA breaks and formation of oxygen free radicals

59
Q

anaphylactic response to transfused blood products

A

selective immunoglobulin deficiency

60
Q

where is the area postrema of the brain

A

dorsal medulla (midbrain) below pons and in the back of the brainstem

61
Q

postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

rubella (togavirus) - german measles

62
Q

persistent lymphedema with chronic dilatation of lymphatic channels predisposes to what cancer

A

lymphangiosarcoma

63
Q

cancer that may arise 10 years after radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection with breast cancer

A

lymphangiosarcoma

64
Q

cardiac tissue conduction fastest to slowest

A

Purkinje > atrial > ventricular > AV node

65
Q

what causes increase in insulin resistance in overweight individuals?

A

FFA and serum triglycerides

STEP 1 (26 decks)

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