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STEP 1 > msk anatomy > Flashcards

msk anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what spinal cord segments are the rotator cuff muscles innervated by?

A

C5-C6

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2
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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3
Q

what is the most common rotator cuff injury

A

supraspinatus

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4
Q

What rotator cuff muscle is injured in a pitching injury and what nerve innervates this muscle

A

infraspinatus muscle

suprascapular nerve

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5
Q

supraspinatus muscle action

A

abducts arm initially (then deltoid abducts)

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6
Q

infraspinatus muscle action

A

laterally rotates arm

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7
Q

teres minor muscle action

A

adducts and laterally rotates

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8
Q

subscapularis muscle action

A

medially rotates arm and adducts arm

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9
Q

empty/cull can test

A

supraspinatus

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10
Q

supraspinatus is innervated by:

A

suprascapular nerve

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11
Q

infraspinatus is innervated by

A

suprascapular nerve

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12
Q

teres minor is innervated by

A

axillary nerve

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13
Q

subscapular muscle is innervated by

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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14
Q

repetitive flexion of elbow

A

golfers elbow = medial epicondylitis

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15
Q

repetitive extension of elbow

A

tennis elbow = lateral epicondylitis

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16
Q

golfers elbow

A

medial epicondylitis - forehand shots = flexion

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17
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis - backhand shots = extension

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18
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

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19
Q

what wrist bone is prone to avascular necrosis?

A

scaphoid

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20
Q

why is the scaphoid bone prone to avascular necrosis?

A

retrograde blood supply from radial artery

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21
Q

A fall on an outstretched hand that damages the hook of the hamate can cause what nerve injury?

A

ulnar

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22
Q

ulnar nerve injury can be caused by injuring what bone?

A

hook of the hamage

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23
Q

dislocation of what bone can cause acute carpal tunnel?

A

dislocation of lunate

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24
Q

guyon canal syndrome is compression of what nerve?

A

ulnar nerve in write or hand

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25
Q

what four states is carpal tunnel associated with?

A

pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, repeated use

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26
Q

what nerve is carpal tunnel associatd with

A

median nerve

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27
Q

what ligament encloses carpal tunnel

A

transverse carpal ligament

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28
Q

what entrapment is seen in cyclists and why

A

ulnar nerve - guyon canal syndrome = due to pressure from handlebars

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29
Q

fracturing the surgical neck of the humerus can damage what nerve

A

axillary

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30
Q

anterior dislocation of humerus can cause damage of what nerve

A

axillary

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31
Q

what spinal nerves correlate with axillary nerve

A

C5-C6

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32
Q

Flattened deltoid

A

axillary nerve injury

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33
Q

Axillary nerve is associated with what muscle

A

deltoid

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34
Q

Loss of arm abduction at shoulder > 15 degrees is a finding in what nerve injury

A

axillary

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35
Q

loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

A

axillary nerve damage

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36
Q

musculocutaneous nerve comes from what two spinal nerves

A

C5-C7

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37
Q

upper trunk compression causes what nerve injury

A

musculocutaneous

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38
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve is associated with what muscle

A

biceps

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39
Q

loss of forearm flexion

A

musculocutaneous

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40
Q

loss of forearm supination

A

musculocutaneous

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41
Q

Loss of sensation over lateral forearm

A

musculocutaneous

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42
Q

Radial nerve is associated with what spinal nerves

A

C5-T1

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43
Q

Midshaft fracture of humerus

A

radial nerve injury

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44
Q

compression of axilla - crutches, sleeping with arm over chair

A

radial nerve injury

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45
Q

radial head subluxation (nursemaids elbow) is an injury where and damages what nerve

A

lateral epicondyle, can damage radial nerve

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46
Q

loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension (WRIST DROP)

A

RADIAL NERVE

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47
Q

loss of sensation over posterior arm / forearm and dorsal hand

A

radial arm

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48
Q

decreased grip strength

A

radial nerve

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49
Q

radial nerve is associated with what muscles

A

wrist extensors

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50
Q

supracondylar fracture of humerus

A

median nerve injury

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51
Q

median nerve is associated with what spinal nerves

A

C5-T1

52
Q

wrist laceration

A

median nerve injury

53
Q

loss of wrist flexion

A

median nerve injury, ulnar nerve injury

54
Q

loss of flexion of lateral fingers

A

median nerve injury

55
Q

loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3 and a half fingers

A

median nerve injury

56
Q

Tinel sign

A

tingling on percussion

- sign for carpal tunnel

57
Q

sign for carpal tunnel

A

tinel sign - tingling on percussion

58
Q

fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus

A

ulnar nerve lesion

59
Q

radial deviation of wrist upon flexion

A

ulnar nerve lesion

60
Q

ulnar nerve is made from what spinal nerves

A

C8-T1

61
Q

what nerve is affected in the “funny bone”

A

ulnar nerve

62
Q

loss of sensation over hypothenar eminence and medial 1 and a half fingers

A

ulnar nerve injury

63
Q

superficial laceration of palm

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

64
Q

recurrent branch of median nerve = what spinal nerves

A

C5-T1

65
Q

loss of thenar muscle group (opposition abduction flexion of thumb)

A

recurrent branch of median nerve lesion

66
Q

the only upper extremity nerve with only motor loss but no sensation loss

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

67
Q

job of lumbricals

A

flexion at MCP

extension of DIP and PIP

68
Q

obturator nerve comes from what spinal nerves

A

L2-L4

69
Q

pelvic surgery can damage what nerve

A

obturator nerve

70
Q

decreased medial thigh sensation

A

obturator nerve

71
Q

decreased thigh adduction

A

obturator nerve

72
Q

decreased thigh flexion

A

femoral

73
Q

femoral nerve comes from what spinal nerves

A

L2-L4

74
Q

Decreased leg (not hip) extension

A

femoral nerve

75
Q

trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg

A

common peroneal nerve (fibular)

76
Q

fibular neck fracture

A

common peroneal (fibular)

77
Q

common peroneal nerve spinal levels

A

L4-S2

78
Q

loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot

A

common peroneal

79
Q

loss of eversion and dorsiflexion

A

common peroneal

80
Q

foot drop (inverted and plantar flexed at rest)

A

common peroneal

81
Q

tibial nerve spinal nerve levels

A

L4-S3

82
Q

knee trauma

A

tibial

83
Q

baker cyst

A

tibial = proximal

84
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

tibial = distal

85
Q

inability to curl toes

A

tibial

86
Q

loss of sensation on sole of foot

A

tibial

87
Q

loss of inversion and plantarflexion

A

proximal tibial

88
Q

superior gluteal spinal nerve

A

L4-S1

89
Q

Inferior gluteal spinal nerve

A

L5-S2

90
Q

iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injury to upper medial gluteal region

A

superior gluteal

91
Q

superior gluteal injury can happen with injection to what quadrant of the glutesss

A

upper medial gluteal region

92
Q

primary abductors of the hip

A

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

93
Q

adductors of the hip

A

adductor magnus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
(MLB)

94
Q

hip flexors

A

iliopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascae latae

95
Q

hip extension

A

gluteus maximus
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

mbss

96
Q

trandelenburg sign

A

pelvis tilts because weight bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction
superior gluteal nerve injury

97
Q

posterior hip dislocation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

98
Q

difficulty climbing stairs

A

inferior gluteal

99
Q

difficulty rising from seated position

A

inferior gluteal

100
Q

loss of hip extension

A

inferior gluteal

101
Q

inferior gluteal nerve innervates what muscle

A

gluteus maximus

102
Q

superior gluteal nerve innervates what muscles

A

gluteus medius and minimus

103
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior thigh

A

sciatic nerve

104
Q

what nerve innervates the perineum

A

pudendal

105
Q

what nerve is blocked during childbirth

A

pudendal

106
Q

what is the landmark for finding the pudendal nerve

A

ischial spine

107
Q

where do intervertebral disks generally herniate and why?

A

posterolaterally because os the thin posterior longitudinal ligament vs. thicker anterior longitudinal ligament along midline of vertebral bodies

108
Q

decreased patellar reflex means what nerves are impinged

A

L3-L4

109
Q

weakness of knee reflex means what nerves are impinged

A

L3-L4

110
Q

weakness of dorsiflexion means what nerves are impinged

A

L4-L5

111
Q

difficulty in heel-walking means what nerves are impinged

A

L4-L5

112
Q

weakness of plantar flexion means what nerves are impinged

A

L5-S1

113
Q

difficulty in toe walking means what nerves are impinged

A

L5-S1

114
Q

decreased achilles reflex means what nerves are impinged

A

L5-S1

115
Q

long thoracic nerve is paired with what artery

A

lateral thoracic artery

116
Q

lateral thoracic artery is paired with what nerve

A

long thoracic nerve

117
Q

axillary nerve is paired with what artery

A

posterior circumflex artery

118
Q

posterior circumflex artery is paired with what nerve

A

axillary nerve

119
Q

radial nerve is paired with what artery

A

deep brachial artery

120
Q

deep brachial artery is paired with what nerve

A

radial nerve

121
Q

median nerve is paired with what artery

A

brachial artery

122
Q

brachial artery is paired with what nerve

A

median nerve

123
Q

tibial nerve is paired with what artery in the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

124
Q

popliteal artery is paired with what nerve

A

tibial nerve

125
Q

tibial nerve is paired with what artery posterior to the medial malleolus

A

posterior tibial artery

126
Q

posterior tibial artery is paired with what nerve

A

tibial nerve

STEP 1 (26 decks)

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