GI Flashcards
common ending of H2 blockers
-dine
cimetidine/ranitidine/famotidine/nizatidine MOA
H2 receptor blockers - reduce H2 secretion by parietal cells
cimitidine side effects (3)
1) cyp 450 inhibitor
2) anti-androgen effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido)
3) can cross bbb and placenta
orlistat clinical use
weight loss
orlistat MOA
inhibits gastric/pancreatic lipase –> decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats
orlistat side effects
steatorrhea, decreased absoprtion of fat soluble vitamins
metaclopramide use
diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic
Metoclopromide MOA
D2 receptor antagonist. Increases resting tone contractility, LES tone, motility but does not affect transport time
Metoclopramide side effects
increased parkinsonian effects (Tardive dyskinesia). Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea
Metoclopramide has drug interactions with what drugs
diabetic agents and digoxin
metoclopramide is contraindicated in what patients
patients with small bowel obstruction or parkinson disease (due to d1 receptor blockade)
ondansetron MOA
5ht3 antagonist- decreases vagal stimulation
ondansetron use
controls post-op vomiting, post-chemo vomiting, can help with travelers diarrhea/n/v
ondansetron side effects
headache, constipation, qt interval prolonging
sulfasalazine is a combination of what two things
sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)
how is sulfasalazine activated
by gut flora
sulfasalazine side effects
sulfa allergy, reversible oligospermia
magnesium hydroxide moa
osmotic laxative
magnesium citrate moa
osmotic laxative
polyethylene glycol moa
osmotic laxative
lactulose moa
osmotic laxative
how does lactulose help with hepatic encephalopathy
gut flora degrade lactulose into metabolites (lactic acid and acetic acid) that promotes nitrogen excretion as NH4+.
osmotic laxactives clinical use
constipation
antacids can cause what electrolyte abnormality
hypokalemia
aluminum hydroxide side effects
constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
(aluminimum of feces)
calcium carbonate side effects
hypercalcemia, high rebound acid
can chelate and decrease effectiveness of other drugs (ex. tetracyclines)
magnesium hydroxide side effects
diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
must go = mg
octreotide MOA
long acting somatostatin analog - inhibits actions of many vasodilatory hormones (causes vasoconstriction)
misoprostol MOA
PGE1 analog - increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier. decreases gastric acid production
misoprostol is contraindicated in who
women of childbearing potential - abortifacient
PPIs cause increased risk of what infections
c. diff
bismuth moa
binds to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer
PPI moa
irreversibly inhibit H/K atpase in stomach pareital cells
PPIs affect what electrolyte with long term use
decrease serum magnesium
