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repro Flashcards

1
Q

ovaries lymph drainage

A

para aortic

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2
Q

testes lymph drainage

A

para aortic

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3
Q

vagina lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal

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4
Q

vulva lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal

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5
Q

scrotum lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal

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6
Q

proximal vagina lymph drainage

A

obturator/external iliac/hypogastric

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7
Q

uterus lymph drainage

A

obturator/external iliac/hypogastric

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8
Q

what ligament contains ovarian vessels

A

suspensory ligament (infundibulopelvic)

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9
Q

what ligament contains uterine vessels

A

cardinal ligament

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10
Q

what vessels are ligated during oopherectomy

A

ovarian vessels, contained in the suspensory ligament

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11
Q

what ligament contains the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the round ligament of uterus

A

broad ligament

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12
Q

what ligament is a derivative of gubernaculum?

A

round ligament and ovarian ligament

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13
Q

what ligament connects labia majora to uterine fundus

A

round ligament

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14
Q

most common area for cervical cancer

A

squamocolumnar junction (transition zone)`

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15
Q

membranous urethra is prone to injury from what

A

pelvic fracture

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16
Q

bulbar urethra is prone to injury from what

A

blunt force

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17
Q

injury of the posterior urethra can cause urine to leak where

A

retropubic space

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18
Q

what part of urethra is at risk of injury due to a straddle injury

A

anterior urethra

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19
Q

if anterior urethra is injured, where will urine leak

A

beneath buck fascia (deep)

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20
Q

if buck fascia is torn and there is urethral injury, where will urine leak

A

superficial perineal space

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21
Q

what nerve causes erection

A

pelvic nerve

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22
Q

what nerve causes penile emmision

A

hypogastric

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23
Q

what nerve causes ejaculation

A

pudendal nerve

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24
Q

remnant of mesonephric duct in females

A

gartner duct

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25
Q

incomplete fusion of them mullerian ducts

A

bicornuate uterus

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26
Q

complete failure of fusion

A

double uterus/vagina/cervic - pregnancy IS possible

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27
Q

females with mullerian defects should undergo ultrasound to see if they have what abnormalities?

A

urologic (renal)

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28
Q

failure of urethral folds to fuse

A

hypospadias

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29
Q

faulty positioning of the genital tubercle

A

epispadias

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30
Q

epispadias is associated with what other abnormality

A

bladder exstrophy

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31
Q

hypospadias is associated with what other abnormliaties

A

inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism

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32
Q

how do estrogen receptors work

A

expressed in cytoplasm and translocate to nucleus when bound by estrogen

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33
Q

how does estrogen affect myometrial excitability

A

increases

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34
Q

what enzyme does LH stimulate in females to produce estrogen

A

desmolase (produces androgens in theca cell from cholesterol)

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35
Q

what hormone increases basal body temperature

A

progesterone

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36
Q

precocious puberty is the development of sex characteristics before age what

A

7

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37
Q

oligomenorrhea is a cycle how long

A

> 35 days

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38
Q

polymenorrhea is a cycle how long

A
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39
Q

how long is luteal phase

A

14 days

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40
Q

how long is follicular phase

A

varies

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41
Q

what defines menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding > 80 mL or >7 days

42
Q

ovulation occurs when

A

14 days before menses always

43
Q

what week does gastrulation occur

44
Q

what weeks are organogenesis

A

weeks 3-8, embryonic period

45
Q

when does the neural tube close by

46
Q

when do the upper and lower limb buds form

47
Q

when is fetal cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound

48
Q

when does the heart start to beat

49
Q

when can you sense fetal movement

50
Q

when does the fetus have male/female characteristics

51
Q

what is gastrulation

A

formation of trilaminar disc

52
Q

leading cause of intellectual disability in US

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

53
Q

mechanism of abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome

A

abnormal cell migration

54
Q

what secretes bhCG

A

snycytiotrophoblast

55
Q

dizygotic twins are always what

A

dichorionic and diamnionic

56
Q

twins that split between 0-4 days will be

A

dichorionic and diamnionic

57
Q

twins that split between 4-8 days

A

monochorionic and diamnionic

58
Q

twins that split between 8-12 days

A

monochorionic and diamnionic

59
Q

twins that split >13 days

A

conjoined; monochorionic and monoamnionic

60
Q

conjoined twins are most likely to be joined where

61
Q

what stimulates corpus luteum to make progesterone in first trimester

A

beta HCG from syncytiotrophoblast

62
Q

syncytiotrophoblast lacks what to decrease attach by maternal immune system

63
Q

what is the maternal part of placenta known as

A

decidua basalis

64
Q

umblical arteries and vein are derived from what

65
Q

urine discharge from umbilicus

A

failure of urachus to obliterate (patent urachus)

66
Q

urachus attaches what

A

umblicus to bladder

67
Q

urachal cysts can progress to what

A

infection and adenocarcinoma

68
Q

what week does the urachus turn into allantois

69
Q

what week does the vitelline duct obliterate

70
Q

vitelline duct connets what

A

yolk sac to midgut lumen

71
Q

meconium discharge from umblicus

A

vitelline fistula

72
Q

maxillary artery is a branch of what

A

external carotid

73
Q

1st aortic arch becomes

A

maxillary artery

74
Q

2nd aortic arch becomes

A

stapedial and hyoid arteries

75
Q

3rd aortic arch becomes

A

common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid

76
Q

4th aortic arch becomes

A

left: aortic arch
right: subclavian artery

77
Q

5th aortic arch becomes:

78
Q

6th aortic arch becomes

A

pulmonary arteries and on the left, ductus arteriosus

79
Q

branchial cleft/grooves are derived from

80
Q

branchial arches are derived from

A

mesoderm and neural crest

81
Q

branchial pouches are derived from

82
Q

first branchial cleft becomes

A

external auditory meatus

83
Q

2nd through 4th clefts become

A

temporary cervical sinuses, obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme

84
Q

how does a persistent cervical sinus present

A

branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck

85
Q

polyhydramnios is how much amniotic fluid

A

1.5-2 or more

86
Q

oligohydramnios is how much amnionic fluid

87
Q

most common gynecological cancer worldwide

88
Q

most to least common gynecological cancer in US

A

endometrial > ovarian > cervical

89
Q

prognosis worst to best of gynecological cancer

A

ovarian > cervical > endometrial

90
Q

cancer from lower 1/3 of vagina spreads to what lymph nodes

91
Q

cancer form upper 2/3 of vagina spreads to what lymph nodes

A

regional iliac nodes

92
Q

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma stain for what two immunohistochemicals

A

desmin and myogenin

93
Q

most common ovarian mass in young women

A

follicular cyst

94
Q

drug for prostate cancer and MOA

A

flutamide - nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptor

95
Q

drug for endometriosis

96
Q

danazol MOA

A

partial agonist at androgen and progesterone receptors (decreases LH and FSH)

97
Q

danazol side effects

A

hirsutism, virilazation (androgenic side effects)

98
Q

finasteride MOA

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitor

99
Q

anastrazole/exemestane MOA

A

aromatase inhibitors used in postmenopausal women with ER positive breast cancer

100
Q

side effects of tamoxifen

A

increased risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer

STEP 1 (26 decks)

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