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Uworld > Uworld Exam 13 > Flashcards

Uworld Exam 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior mediastinal mass and eyes get tired easily?

A

MG

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2
Q

Post Prandial Pain that does not respond to antacids?

A

Intestinal angina

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3
Q

What does positive predictive value mean?

A

Given that a test is positive, what is the likelihood that he actually has the disease?

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4
Q

Does PPV and NPV depend on prevalnce?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Explain the Blotting Techniques

A

North

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6
Q

Explain the cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Begins as a skin infection

Rhabditiform larvae in the stool

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7
Q

Parasite Eggs in Stool? What Bug?

A

Schistosoma

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8
Q

Worms coming out of butt?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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9
Q

Proglottids in stool?

A

Taenia solium

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10
Q

Trophozoites and cysts in stool?

A

Giardia or Entamoeba

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11
Q

What makes Red Neurons?

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of nissel substance

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12
Q

Explain 1 day 1 week 1 month in CNS

A

1 Day=>Red Neurons
1 Day to 1 week=> Neutrophils and Macrophages
1 week to 1 month=>reactive gliosis; liquifactive necrosis
>1 month=>Glial Scar

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13
Q

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax is thought to be b/c of? Where does the trachea move?

A

Apical Subpleural Bleb

Towards

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14
Q

Loss of muscle tone due to laughter? In what disease do you find this? How to dx the disease?

A

Cataplexy
Narcolepsy
Low Hypocretin-1

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15
Q

Where are the 3 places that you find Tender loving care for nancy?

A

Alpha ketogluterate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Branched chain ketoacid

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16
Q

Orotic aciduria, What enzyme is missing in what pathway?

A

phosphoribosyl transferase in pyrimidine synthesis

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17
Q

B-blockers decrease aqueous humor production by targeting?

A

ciliary epithelium

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18
Q

What causes Hyperkalemia?

A 
DO LAβS
Digitalis (blocks Na+/K+ ATPase)
HyperOsmolarity
Lysis of cells (e.g., crush injury, rhabdomyolysis, cancer)
Acidosis
β-blocker
High Blood Sugar (No insulin)
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19
Q

What causes Hypokalemia?

A

Hypo-osmolarity
Alkalosis
β-adrenergic agonist (Na+/K+ ATPase)
Insulin (Na+/K+ ATPase)-Insulin shifts it into cells

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20
Q

Multiple Fractures with Blue sclerae and hearing loss. What disease? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
MC AD disease
POG: Problems forming triple helix=>Defective Type 1 collagen=>Osteogenesis imperfecta

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21
Q

Hyperextensable skin, tendency to bleed, hypermobile joints? MC type? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A 
Ehlers-Danlos
MC Type: Hypermobility
Classical=>Type 5
Vascular=>Type 3
POG: Problems with cross-linking (via lysyl oxidase)
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22
Q

Brittle, Kinky hair, growth retardation and hypotonia? What disease? Genetics? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A

Menkes Disease
X-Linked recessive
POG: Defective ATP7A (menkes protein)=>Problems with cross-linking (decreased lysyl oxidase enzyme activity)

23
Q

Is Red Neuron Reversible or Irreversible?

A

Irreversible

24
Q

Whenever some gene are linked what should you think of?

A

Linkage Equilibrium

25
MHC Class I presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?
Endogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., viral or cytosolic proteins) to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
26
Irreversible Changes?
Lysosomal rupture Mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization and amorphous densities Nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis Plasma membrane damage Irreversible is LMNOP
27
MHC Class II presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?
Present exogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., bacterial proteins) to CD4+ helper T cells
28
What protein is associated with MHC Class I?
β2-microglobulin
29
What protein is associated with MHC Class II?
Invariant chain
30
Reversible Changes?
``` ATP depletion Blebbing Cellular/mitochondrial swelling Chromatin clumping Decreased glycogen Detachment of Ribosome Fatty change ABCDEF Reversible ```
31
Bupropion MOA? Use? AE?
MOA: Acts on NE transmission Use: nictonine dependence AE: agitation, insomnia, and seizures
32
Pneumonia, Diarrhea, hyponatremia?
Legionella | Legions are PHalaxneD soldiers
33
Free Fatty acids and Triglycerides increase resistance for?
Insulin
34
Increased Mast Cells leads to?
Increased Histamine=>increased gastrin production
35
when does the vitelline duct obliterate?
week 7
36
Cyst is connected by a fibrous band to the ileum and the umbilicus. Dx?
Vitelline Duct Cyst
37
Stool discharge from the umbilicus is due to?
persistent vitelline duct
38
Partial Closure of the vitelline duct?
Meckel's diverticulum
39
What kind of bacteria can survive boiling?
Spore Forming Bacteria
40
PAS+ stain targets?
Glycoprotein
41
Best way to reduce lithium levels?
Hemodialysis
42
Caspofungin Class? MOA? Most effective against?
Class: Echinocandins MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis (glucan synthesis) Use: Candida and Aspergillus
43
HTN, Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and depressed renin?
Hyperaldosteroism
44
Palmitate acid?
What?
45
Caucasian new born with meconium ileus?
CF
46
Cause of death in CF newborns?
Pneumonia
47
Most common risk of aspirin?
Increased gastrointestinal blood loss
48
Patient with Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia, steatorrhea, gallbladder stones?
Somatostatinoma
49
Painless Hematuria in a patient 50 and up is?
Urothelial/Transitional Cell Carcinoma
50
Most common type of transitional cell carcinoma? Bx?
Clear Cell Type | Bx: glycogen and lipid accumulation
51
HbS is worse than HbC because?
HbS has valine inplace of glutamic acid in the amino acid 6th position=>hydrophobic interactions and polymerization
52
Selegiline MOA?
MOA: MAO-B enzyme inhibitor
53
Entacopone MOA?
MOA: COMT blocker=>increases dopamine quantity

Uworld (27 decks)

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