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Uworld > Uworld Exam 13 > Flashcards

Uworld Exam 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior mediastinal mass and eyes get tired easily?

A

MG

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2
Q

Post Prandial Pain that does not respond to antacids?

A

Intestinal angina

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3
Q

What does positive predictive value mean?

A

Given that a test is positive, what is the likelihood that he actually has the disease?

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4
Q

Does PPV and NPV depend on prevalnce?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Explain the Blotting Techniques

A

North

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6
Q

Explain the cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Begins as a skin infection

Rhabditiform larvae in the stool

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7
Q

Parasite Eggs in Stool? What Bug?

A

Schistosoma

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8
Q

Worms coming out of butt?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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9
Q

Proglottids in stool?

A

Taenia solium

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10
Q

Trophozoites and cysts in stool?

A

Giardia or Entamoeba

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11
Q

What makes Red Neurons?

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of nissel substance

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12
Q

Explain 1 day 1 week 1 month in CNS

A

1 Day=>Red Neurons
1 Day to 1 week=> Neutrophils and Macrophages
1 week to 1 month=>reactive gliosis; liquifactive necrosis
>1 month=>Glial Scar

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13
Q

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax is thought to be b/c of? Where does the trachea move?

A

Apical Subpleural Bleb

Towards

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14
Q

Loss of muscle tone due to laughter? In what disease do you find this? How to dx the disease?

A

Cataplexy
Narcolepsy
Low Hypocretin-1

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15
Q

Where are the 3 places that you find Tender loving care for nancy?

A

Alpha ketogluterate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Branched chain ketoacid

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16
Q

Orotic aciduria, What enzyme is missing in what pathway?

A

phosphoribosyl transferase in pyrimidine synthesis

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17
Q

B-blockers decrease aqueous humor production by targeting?

A

ciliary epithelium

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18
Q

What causes Hyperkalemia?

A 
DO LAβS
Digitalis (blocks Na+/K+ ATPase)
HyperOsmolarity
Lysis of cells (e.g., crush injury, rhabdomyolysis, cancer)
Acidosis
β-blocker
High Blood Sugar (No insulin)
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19
Q

What causes Hypokalemia?

A

Hypo-osmolarity
Alkalosis
β-adrenergic agonist (Na+/K+ ATPase)
Insulin (Na+/K+ ATPase)-Insulin shifts it into cells

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20
Q

Multiple Fractures with Blue sclerae and hearing loss. What disease? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
MC AD disease
POG: Problems forming triple helix=>Defective Type 1 collagen=>Osteogenesis imperfecta

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21
Q

Hyperextensable skin, tendency to bleed, hypermobile joints? MC type? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A 
Ehlers-Danlos
MC Type: Hypermobility
Classical=>Type 5
Vascular=>Type 3
POG: Problems with cross-linking (via lysyl oxidase)
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22
Q

Brittle, Kinky hair, growth retardation and hypotonia? What disease? Genetics? Pathogenesis of this disease?

A

Menkes Disease
X-Linked recessive
POG: Defective ATP7A (menkes protein)=>Problems with cross-linking (decreased lysyl oxidase enzyme activity)

23
Q

Is Red Neuron Reversible or Irreversible?

A

Irreversible

24
Q

Whenever some gene are linked what should you think of?

A

Linkage Equilibrium

25
Q

MHC Class I presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?

A

Endogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., viral or cytosolic proteins) to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

Irreversible Changes?

A

Lysosomal rupture
Mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization and amorphous densities
Nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis
Plasma membrane damage
Irreversible is LMNOP

27
Q

MHC Class II presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?

A

Present exogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., bacterial proteins) to CD4+ helper T cells

28
Q

What protein is associated with MHC Class I?

A

β2-microglobulin

29
Q

What protein is associated with MHC Class II?

A

Invariant chain

30
Q

Reversible Changes?

A 
ATP depletion
Blebbing
Cellular/mitochondrial swelling 
Chromatin clumping
Decreased glycogen
Detachment of Ribosome
Fatty change
ABCDEF Reversible
31
Q

Bupropion MOA? Use? AE?

A

MOA: Acts on NE transmission
Use: nictonine dependence
AE: agitation, insomnia, and seizures

32
Q

Pneumonia, Diarrhea, hyponatremia?

A

Legionella

Legions are PHalaxneD soldiers

33
Q

Free Fatty acids and Triglycerides increase resistance for?

A

Insulin

34
Q

Increased Mast Cells leads to?

A

Increased Histamine=>increased gastrin production

35
Q

when does the vitelline duct obliterate?

A

week 7

36
Q

Cyst is connected by a fibrous band to the ileum and the umbilicus. Dx?

A

Vitelline Duct Cyst

37
Q

Stool discharge from the umbilicus is due to?

A

persistent vitelline duct

38
Q

Partial Closure of the vitelline duct?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

39
Q

What kind of bacteria can survive boiling?

A

Spore Forming Bacteria

40
Q

PAS+ stain targets?

A

Glycoprotein

41
Q

Best way to reduce lithium levels?

A

Hemodialysis

42
Q

Caspofungin Class? MOA? Most effective against?

A

Class: Echinocandins
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis (glucan synthesis)
Use: Candida and Aspergillus

43
Q

HTN, Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and depressed renin?

A

Hyperaldosteroism

44
Q

Palmitate acid?

A

What?

45
Q

Caucasian new born with meconium ileus?

A

CF

46
Q

Cause of death in CF newborns?

A

Pneumonia

47
Q

Most common risk of aspirin?

A

Increased gastrointestinal blood loss

48
Q

Patient with Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia, steatorrhea, gallbladder stones?

A

Somatostatinoma

49
Q

Painless Hematuria in a patient 50 and up is?

A

Urothelial/Transitional Cell Carcinoma

50
Q

Most common type of transitional cell carcinoma? Bx?

A

Clear Cell Type

Bx: glycogen and lipid accumulation

51
Q

HbS is worse than HbC because?

A

HbS has valine inplace of glutamic acid in the amino acid 6th position=>hydrophobic interactions and polymerization

52
Q

Selegiline MOA?

A

MOA: MAO-B enzyme inhibitor

53
Q

Entacopone MOA?

A

MOA: COMT blocker=>increases dopamine quantity

Uworld (27 decks)

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