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Reproduction > Uterine Cancer > Flashcards

Uterine Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Simple
Complex
Atypical

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2
Q

What occurs in simple endometrial hyperplasia?

A

The glands and stroma of the entire endometrium begin to grow but not dilate

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3
Q

What occurs in complex endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Focal process where the glands become crowded

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4
Q

What occurs in atypical endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Focal process where the glands become crowded and premalignant

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5
Q

How is complex atypical hyperplasia treated?

A

Hysterectomy

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6
Q

What is the peak incidence for endometrial carcinoma?

A

50-60 years old

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7
Q

What are the two main groups of endometrial carcinoma?

A

Endometrioid

Serous

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8
Q

What are the precursor lesions for endometrioid and serous carcinomas?

A

Endometrioid - atypical hyperplasia

Serous - intraepithelial carcinoma

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9
Q

How do most endometrial cancers present?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

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10
Q

Endometrioid cancers are related to high levels of which hormone?

A

Oestrogen

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11
Q

Why does obesity increase risk of endometrial cancer?

A

As adipocytes express aromatase that converts ovarian androgens into oestrogens inducing endometrial proliferation

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12
Q

The level of sex hormone-binding globulin is higher/lower in obese woman?

A

Lower - means higher levels of biologically active hormone

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13
Q

What occurs in Lynch syndrome?

A

Defective DNA mismatch repair gene increases risk of colorectal/endometrial/ovarian cancer

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14
Q

Type I endometrial tumours involve which group of phenotypes?

A

Endometrioid and mucinous

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15
Q

Type II endometrial tumours involve which group of phenotypes?

A

Serous and clear cell

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16
Q

Type II tumours involve a mutation in which gene?

A

p53

17
Q

Why may type II tumours present with extrauterine disease?

A

As they can spread along the uterine tube mucosa and peritoneal surfaces

18
Q

Which are more aggressive - type I or II endometrial tumours?

A

Type II

19
Q

How does serous carcinoma appear on histology?

A

Complex papillary architecture with diffuse nuclear pleomorphism

20
Q

An endometrial carcinoma will typically infiltrate which structure?

A

Myometrium

21
Q

How are endometrioid carcinomas graded?

A

By the amount of solid growth

22
Q

What are the stages of endometrial cancer?

A

I - myometrium invasion
II - cervical stroma invasion
III - local/regional tumour spread
IV - bladder/bowel mucosa invasion or distant mets

23
Q

What is a tumour arising from endometrial stroma called?

A

Endometrial stromal sarcoma

24
Q

What tissue is found in carcinosarcomas?

A 
Epithelial (carcinoma)
Connective tissue (sarcoma)
25
Q

What is a leiomyosarcoma?

A

A malignant smooth muscle tumour

26
Q

What morphology does leiomyosarcoma commonly display?

A

Spindle cell morphology

Reproduction (33 decks)

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