Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Problems in Pregnancy > Flashcards

Problems in Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of maternal mortality during pregnancy in the UK?

A

Cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give some examples of heart disease that may be affected in pregnancy

A 
Pulmonary hypertension
Congenital heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Artificial heart valves
Ischaemic heart disease
Arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of heart disease where women are advised not to get pregnant

A

Pulmonary hypertension
NYHA class III/IV
TIA
Aortic root > 45mm (Marfan’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes of palpitations may be seen in pregnancy?

A 
Physiological
Ectopic beats
Sinus tachycardia
Paroxysmal SVT
Hyperthyroidism
Phaeochromocytoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main cause of breathlessness in pregnancy?

A

Increased awareness of physiological hyperventilation (physiological)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common chronic medical disorder seen in pregnancy?

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do patients commonly find their asthma worsens at the start of pregnancy?

A

As they stop taking their medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asthma will always affect pregnancy no matter how well controlled. True/false?

A

False - well controlled asthma does not affect pregnancy outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should a pregnant woman be given IV hydrocortisone?

A

If on oral steroids for > 2 weeks with no effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is VTE so common during pregnancy?

A

Hypercoaguable state
Reduced blood flow
Vascular damage at term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is used to treat any VTE that occurs during pregnancy?

A

LMWH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What investigation is used for suspected DVT in pregnancy?

A

Compression duplex USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What investigation is used for suspected iliac vein thrombosis in pregnancy?

A

MRI venography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main disadvantage of CTPA for a suspected PE in pregnancy?

A

Large radiation dose to maternal breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who should decide on whether to use CTPA or V/Q in a pregnant woman?

A

The patient herself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Warfarin is teratogenic and can cause embryopathy. True/false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Only LMWH can be used for anticoagulation post-natally. True/false?

A

False - both LMWH and warfarin can be used post-natally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some disease-related complications of connective tissue disease in pregnancy?

A

Lupus flare
APS
Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drugs for CTD are safe to use in pregnancy?

A 
Steroids
Azathioprine
Sulfasalazine
Hydroxychloroquine
Anti-TNF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give some clinical features of anti-phospholipid syndrome related to pregnancy

A

Recurrent early pregnancy loss
Placental abruption
Early onset pre-eclampsia
Fetal growth restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the general management of APS in pregnancy?

A

Aspirin +/- LMWH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most women with epilepsy have the same/fewer seizures during pregnancy. True/false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give some potential fetal risks from maternal epilepsy

A

Abdominal trauma (fetal maternal haemorrhage)
Premature membrane rupture
Preterm birth
Hypoxia

24
Q

All women with epilepsy are offered a detail USS assessment of fetal anatomy at what stage?

A

18-20 weeks

25
Q

What are the most common congenital defects associated with anti-epileptic drugs?

A

Neural tube defects
Congenital heart disorders
Skeletal abnormalities
Cleft palate

26
Q

What should all epileptic women take before starting pregnancy?

A

5mg/day folate

27
Q

A women has a seizure in labour. What is the drug class of choice?

A

Benzodiazepines

28
Q

Describe the change of blood pressure in pregnancy

A

Falls in early pregnancy and reaches its lowest point at 22-24 weeks gestation before steadily rising until term

29
Q

How is hypertension in pregnancy defined?

A

> 140/90 mm Hg on 2 occasions

>160/110 mm Hg once

30
Q

What is pregnancy induced hypertension?

A

Hypertension occurring in the second half of pregnancy resolving within 6 weeks of delivery

31
Q

What is the classic triad of pre-eclampsia?

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Oedema

32
Q

What occurs in normal placentation in relation to the spiral artery?

A

Trophoblasts invade the tunica media of the spiral artery dropping resistance and allowing blood supply to placenta

33
Q

What occurs in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia?

A

Endothelial cells invade the tunica media of the spiral artery causing thrombosis

34
Q

Give some body systems affected by pre-eclampsia

A 
CNS
Renal
Hepatic
Haematological
Pulmonary
Cardiovascular
35
Q

What CNS disease can occur in pre-eclampsia?

A

Intracranial haemorrhage
Cerebral oedema
Cortical blindness
CN palsy

36
Q

Give some effects of pre-eclampsia on the renal system

A

Decreased GFR
Proteinuria
Increased serum urate
Increased creatinine/K/urea

37
Q

What syndrome is a common sign of liver disease due to pre-eclampsia?

A

HELLP syndrome - haemolysis; elevated liver enzymes; low platelets

38
Q

What effects can pre-eclampsia have haematologically?

A

Decreased PV
Thrombocytopenia
Haemolysis
DIC

39
Q

What cardiac conditions can occur in pre-eclampsia?

A

Pulmonary oedema

Pulmonary embolism

40
Q

Give some symptoms of pre-eclampsia

A 
Headache
Visual disturbance
Epigastric/RUQ pain
N+V
Oedema
41
Q

Give some signs of pre-eclampsia

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Disorientation
Hyper-reflexia

42
Q

What investigations are carried out in pre-eclampsia?

A 
U&Es
Serum urate
LFTs
FBC
Coagulation screen
43
Q

When is urate considered abnormal in pregnant women?

A

If it is above 10% of weeks of gestation

44
Q

Give some risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A 
Older age
Increased BMI
FHx
First pregnancy
Multiple pregnancy
Molar pregnancy
Pre-existing renal disease/hypertension
Diabetes
45
Q

Multiparous women tend to develop more severe pre-eclampsia. True/false?

A

True

46
Q

What medication is given to women at high risk of pre-eclampsia?

A

75mg/day aspirin

47
Q

What investigation can be used to predict pre-eclampsia?

A

Maternal uterine artery doppler

48
Q

What tends to be first-line in treating hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Labetolol

49
Q

What other drugs can be used to treat hypertension?

A

First line - methyldopa and nifedipine

Second line - hydralazine and doxazocin

50
Q

What drugs should be avoided when treating hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Diuretics/ACEIs

51
Q

It is normal for women to have a reduction in fetal movements. True/false?

A

False - must be assessed urgently

52
Q

What is the only cure for pre-eclampsia?

A

Delivering the baby

53
Q

Give some indications for birth in pre-eclampsia

A

Term gestation
Unable to control BP
Eclampsia

54
Q

What is eclampsia?

A

A tonic-clonic seizure occuring with features of pre-eclampsia

55
Q

What antihypertensives are used to control BP in eclampsia?

A

IV labetolol + hydralazine

56
Q

What is used to treat an eclamptic seizure?

A

Magnesium sulfate

Reproduction (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions