Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Gynae Cancers

Question 1

Give some increased risk factors for cervical cancer

Answer 1

HPV 16 & 18
Smoking
Early sexual intercourse
OCP
Multiple partners

Question 2

Give some common clinical presentations for cervical cancer

Answer 2

Irregular bleeding (post-coital/intermenstrual/post-menstrual)

Question 3

What is the preferred treatment in early stage cervical cancer?

Answer 3

Surgery

Question 4

Give examples of surgery that can be done in cervical cancer

Answer 4

LLETZ
Cone biopsy
Hysterectomy/trachelectomy

Question 5

What types of radiotherapy can be done for cervical cancer?

Answer 5

External beam

Brachytherapy

Question 6

What occurs in brachytherapy?

Answer 6

The radiation dose is concentrated at the cervix by internally applying it

Question 7

What drugs are used to treat cervical cancer in chemotherapy?

Answer 7

Cisplatin

Carboplatin

Question 8

What is the main side effect of cisplatin?

Answer 8

Severe emesis

Question 9

How does endometrial cancer mainly present?

Answer 9

Post-menopausal bleeding

Question 10

How is endometrial cancer treated surgically?

Answer 10

Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (TAH BSO)

Question 11

What adjuvant radiotherapy is used in endometrial cancer?

Answer 11

Vault brachytherapy

External beam

Question 12

How does ovarian cancer commonly present?

Answer 12

Bloating
Pelvic mass
Bladder dysfunction
Pleural effusion

Question 13

Ovarian cancer is common in people with which genetic mutations?

Answer 13

BRCA1 and BRCA2

Question 14

What is usually the gold standard investigation for ovarian cancer?

Answer 14

CT-guided biopsy

Question 15

How should early ovarian cancer be managed?

Answer 15

Surgical debulking

Question 16

How should advanced ovarian cancer be managed?

Answer 16

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgery

Question 17

How are women with relapsed ovarian cancer manged?

Answer 17

Palliative chemotherapy