usss Flashcards
Max Weber provided an interesting analysis that showed how
capitalism in the West could have not developed were it not for
the push given by
Calvinist ethics.
shaped the work ethics of entrepreneurs and capitalists
during the early part of capitalist industrialization.
Calvinism
created
anxiety among the believers that could only be relieved through hard–
work, total devotion to work, avoidance of idleness, and renunciation
of worldly pleasures.
Calvinism
_____________of the emergence of capitalism in the West became one of
the pillars for the development of modernization theory.
Weber’s culturalist theory
According to this view, based on evolutionary
theory of culture, all societies undergo a process of change in the direction of
greater complexity and progress.
theory of modernization
proposed earliest formulation
of modernization theory.
Walt Rostow (1916–2003)
an
American economist and political theorist, proposed five stages
of development.
Walt Rostow (1916–2003),
is the process whereby spaces
between nations become porous because of the accelerated
phase of diffusion of information, people, capital, and goods.
Immersed in computer-mediated technologies, people’s
relationships and forms of interaction around the world increasingly have become
unconstrained by geography and are no longer necessarily local or national in
nature.
R
Cultural homogenization
defines globalization as ‘the
compression of the world and the intensification of
consciousness of the world as a whole.
Roland Robertson (1992)
intensifies the consciousness of the people that cultures are
intricately linked on the global scale
Globalization process
refers to cultural elements, such as the Internet, fast food
from McDonald’s, and Nike sneakers. Technological objects such as “iPhone” and
“Android” are known all over the world although many people do not possess them.
Scientific ideas have the same status.
Cultural universalism
was developed as an analytical frame for interpreting global relations,
structures, and practices. Invoking an image of the world as a system of interrelated
interdependent units, it is a theory of transnational interaction and global social change
World polity theory
Ours is a consumers’ society, in which culture, in
common with the rest of the world experienced by consumers, manifests itself as a
repository of goods intended for consumption, all competing for the unbearably
fleeting and distracted attention of potential clients, all trying to hold that attention for
more than just the blink of an eye.
Cultural Homogenization-
a kind of cultural homogenization is called which is defined “as the
imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, organizations.
“Globalization”
has always been with us. But the pace of mixing accelerates and its
scope widens in the wake of major structural changes, such as new technologies
that enable new phases of intercultural contact
Hybridity
is the existence of unequal
opportunities and rewards for different social status or
positions within a group or society social.
Social inequality
in
society often leads to the marginalization of certain
groups, where people are treated unfairly based on their
social status, gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.
Inequality
is the unequal
distribution of material
resources and income across
countries.
Global inequality
Apart from economic
figures, global inequality may
also refer to the access to
medical care and education.
is a major problem with severe effects on poorer countries and the people living in these regions. It can result from both human actions, like exploitation and discrimination, and natural factors, such as geographic limitations and natural disasters.
Global inequality…
Habitus is a combination of 3 capitals;
capital constitution
is a term that refers to a position or rank of a person
Class
is the foundation of social life; importance of economic structure
Habitus
is social relations shape entire life.
Caste system
According to Max Weber __________ is the social differences based on economic
divisions.
- status
Some sociologists, however, extend the definition of class to include not
only access to the means of production like land, capital, and technologies
but also to the prestige attached to one’s social position. Hence, some
sociologists, writing along the Weberian tradition, use the term
stratification
When regularly recognized social differences (of wealth, color, religion,
ethnicity or gender, for example) become ranked in some hierarchical
manner, sociologists talk about
strata
as a system of social stratification differs from class in its
rigidity and in the basis of legitimacy. It is also called a closed system in
contrast with the class system that is relatively open.
Caste System
Caste System as a system of social stratification differs from class in its
rigidity and in the basis of legitimacy. It is also called a ___________ in
contrast with the class system that is relatively open.
closed system
Among Filipino families, education is considered as the
“ticket to success.” This is supported by the ________________ proposed chiefly by
American sociologists Daniel Bell in the 1960s.
theory of
education-based meritocracy
signifies the movement of people between positions in a
system of social stratification. In modern societies this means the movement
of people between social classes is defined by occupational scales. It may
occur between generations (as when a girl born into a working-class family
achieves a middle-class occupation) or be the ups-and downs of an
individual career” (p. 283).- Bruce and Yearley (2006)
Social mobility“
a French sociologist,
who dealt extensively with
class inequalities by arguing
that capital, in its classic
Marxist usage, does not refer only to economic
assets but also includes cultural, symbolic, and social
capital.
Pierre Bourdieu (1930–
2002),
refers to the forms of
knowledge, educational credentials, and artistic taste
that a person acquires from family background, which
give them higher status in society.
Cultural capital
refers to resources based on group membership, relationships, and
networks of influence and support. Bourdieu (1984) described social capital as “the
aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a
durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual
acquaintance and recognition.”
Social capital
is the kind of moral authority that keeps society together by virtue of custom
and habit. This type of legitimacy emphasizes the authority of tradition by virtue
of its historical practice by a particular group.
Traditional Legitimacy (TL)
Tl
He argues that seizure of power is often initiated by a
leader who questions traditional authority, brings together and leads followers
to oust the old regime and bring forth a new one.
Charismatic Legitimacy
is the quality of
political leaders whose individual characteristics set him apart from ordinary people.
Charisma
Authority in this context derives from formal procedures of institutions. T
Rational-Legal Legitimacy (RLL)
The ruling elite or the __________ refers to any given society’s economic and political
elite
plutocracy
Each province in the Philippines is almost always ruled by __________ that
rule not only the political life, they also shape and control ordinary people’s economic
and social life.
political dynasties
is a system of rule introduced by the Spanish colonizers who ruled
the Philippines from 1571-1898.
Caciquism
This way of inhabiting the
world is conceptualized as
social relations
social relations
is a nominal term or
another word we use to
refer to social relations.
This means that the rules
for relating socially are
observed depending on
one’s position in society.
Power
is a product of Spanish colonialism that morphed into the modern principalia all throughout American colonialism and neo-colonialism, up to the institution of the modern Philippine state.
The Principalia
But the history of colonialism and neo-
colonialism has shaped the confluence of
economic and political power in shaping the
life of a nation.
Plutocracy
Refers to any given society’s economic and
political elite
Plutocracy
