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Question 1

Max Weber provided an interesting analysis that showed how
capitalism in the West could have not developed were it not for
the push given by

Answer 1

Calvinist ethics.

Question 2

shaped the work ethics of entrepreneurs and capitalists
during the early part of capitalist industrialization.

Answer 2

Calvinism

Question 3

created
anxiety among the believers that could only be relieved through hard–
work, total devotion to work, avoidance of idleness, and renunciation
of worldly pleasures.

Answer 3

Calvinism

Question 4

_____________of the emergence of capitalism in the West became one of
the pillars for the development of modernization theory.

Answer 4

Weber’s culturalist theory

Question 5

According to this view, based on evolutionary
theory of culture, all societies undergo a process of change in the direction of
greater complexity and progress.

Answer 5

theory of modernization

Question 6

proposed earliest formulation
of modernization theory.

Answer 6

Walt Rostow (1916–2003)

Question 7

an
American economist and political theorist, proposed five stages
of development.

Answer 7

Walt Rostow (1916–2003),

Question 8

is the process whereby spaces
between nations become porous because of the accelerated
phase of diffusion of information, people, capital, and goods.
Immersed in computer-mediated technologies, people’s
relationships and forms of interaction around the world increasingly have become
unconstrained by geography and are no longer necessarily local or national in
nature.
R

Answer 8

Cultural homogenization

Question 9

defines globalization as ‘the
compression of the world and the intensification of
consciousness of the world as a whole.

Answer 9

Roland Robertson (1992)

Question 10

intensifies the consciousness of the people that cultures are
intricately linked on the global scale

Answer 10

Globalization process

Question 11

refers to cultural elements, such as the Internet, fast food
from McDonald’s, and Nike sneakers. Technological objects such as “iPhone” and
“Android” are known all over the world although many people do not possess them.
Scientific ideas have the same status.

Answer 11

Cultural universalism

Question 12

was developed as an analytical frame for interpreting global relations,
structures, and practices. Invoking an image of the world as a system of interrelated
interdependent units, it is a theory of transnational interaction and global social change

Answer 12

World polity theory

Question 13

Ours is a consumers’ society, in which culture, in
common with the rest of the world experienced by consumers, manifests itself as a
repository of goods intended for consumption, all competing for the unbearably
fleeting and distracted attention of potential clients, all trying to hold that attention for
more than just the blink of an eye.

Answer 13

Cultural Homogenization-

Question 14

a kind of cultural homogenization is called which is defined “as the
imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, organizations.

Answer 14

“Globalization”

Question 15

has always been with us. But the pace of mixing accelerates and its
scope widens in the wake of major structural changes, such as new technologies
that enable new phases of intercultural contact

Answer 15

Hybridity

Question 16

is the existence of unequal
opportunities and rewards for different social status or
positions within a group or society social.

Answer 16

Social inequality

Question 17

in
society often leads to the marginalization of certain
groups, where people are treated unfairly based on their
social status, gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.

Answer 17

Inequality

Question 18

is the unequal
distribution of material
resources and income across
countries.

Answer 18

Global inequality

Question 19

Apart from economic
figures, global inequality may
also refer to the access to

Answer 19

medical care and education.

Question 20

is a major problem with severe effects on poorer countries and the people living in these regions. It can result from both human actions, like exploitation and discrimination, and natural factors, such as geographic limitations and natural disasters.

Answer 20

Global inequality…

Question 21

Habitus is a combination of 3 capitals;

Answer 21

capital constitution

Question 22

is a term that refers to a position or rank of a person

Answer 22

Class

Question 23

is the foundation of social life; importance of economic structure

Answer 23

Habitus

Question 24

is social relations shape entire life.

Answer 24

Caste system

Question 25

According to Max Weber __________ is the social differences based on economic
divisions.

Answer 25

• status

Question 26

Some sociologists, however, extend the definition of class to include not
only access to the means of production like land, capital, and technologies
but also to the prestige attached to one’s social position. Hence, some
sociologists, writing along the Weberian tradition, use the term

Answer 26

stratification

Question 27

When regularly recognized social differences (of wealth, color, religion,
ethnicity or gender, for example) become ranked in some hierarchical
manner, sociologists talk about

Answer 27

strata

Question 28

as a system of social stratification differs from class in its
rigidity and in the basis of legitimacy. It is also called a closed system in
contrast with the class system that is relatively open.

Answer 28

Caste System

Question 29

Caste System as a system of social stratification differs from class in its
rigidity and in the basis of legitimacy. It is also called a ___________ in
contrast with the class system that is relatively open.

Answer 29

closed system

Question 30

Among Filipino families, education is considered as the
“ticket to success.” This is supported by the ________________ proposed chiefly by
American sociologists Daniel Bell in the 1960s.

Answer 30

theory of
education-based meritocracy

Question 31

signifies the movement of people between positions in a
system of social stratification. In modern societies this means the movement
of people between social classes is defined by occupational scales. It may
occur between generations (as when a girl born into a working-class family
achieves a middle-class occupation) or be the ups-and downs of an
individual career” (p. 283).- Bruce and Yearley (2006)

Answer 31

Social mobility“

Question 32

a French sociologist,
who dealt extensively with
class inequalities by arguing
that capital, in its classic
Marxist usage, does not refer only to economic
assets but also includes cultural, symbolic, and social
capital.

Answer 32

Pierre Bourdieu (1930–
2002),

Question 33

refers to the forms of
knowledge, educational credentials, and artistic taste
that a person acquires from family background, which
give them higher status in society.

Answer 33

Cultural capital

Question 34

refers to resources based on group membership, relationships, and
networks of influence and support. Bourdieu (1984) described social capital as “the
aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a
durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual
acquaintance and recognition.”

Answer 34

Social capital

Question 35

is the kind of moral authority that keeps society together by virtue of custom
and habit. This type of legitimacy emphasizes the authority of tradition by virtue
of its historical practice by a particular group.

Answer 35

Traditional Legitimacy (TL)
Tl

Question 36

He argues that seizure of power is often initiated by a
leader who questions traditional authority, brings together and leads followers
to oust the old regime and bring forth a new one.

Answer 36

Charismatic Legitimacy

Question 37

is the quality of
political leaders whose individual characteristics set him apart from ordinary people.

Answer 37

Charisma

Question 38

Authority in this context derives from formal procedures of institutions. T

Answer 38

Rational-Legal Legitimacy (RLL)

Question 39

The ruling elite or the __________ refers to any given society’s economic and political
elite

Answer 39

plutocracy

Question 40

Each province in the Philippines is almost always ruled by __________ that
rule not only the political life, they also shape and control ordinary people’s economic
and social life.

Answer 40

political dynasties

Question 41

is a system of rule introduced by the Spanish colonizers who ruled
the Philippines from 1571-1898.

Answer 41

Caciquism

Question 42

This way of inhabiting the
world is conceptualized as

Answer 42

social relations
social relations

Question 43

is a nominal term or
another word we use to
refer to social relations.
This means that the rules
for relating socially are
observed depending on
one’s position in society.

Answer 43

Power

Question 44

is a product of Spanish colonialism that morphed into the modern principalia all throughout American colonialism and neo-colonialism, up to the institution of the modern Philippine state.

Answer 44

The Principalia

Question 45

But the history of colonialism and neo-
colonialism has shaped the confluence of
economic and political power in shaping the
life of a nation.

Answer 45

Plutocracy

Question 46

Refers to any given society’s economic and
political elite

Answer 46

Plutocracy