USMLE World 1 Flashcards
relantionship between prevalence and PPV
Prevalence ∝ PPV/NPV
top cancers by incidence
- breast/prostate; 2. lung; 3. colon
top cancers by prevalence
- breast/prostate; 2. colon; 3. lung
respiratory epithelium
cilia is present all throughout; serous, mucous glands, goblet cells and cartilage dissappear
koilocytes
pyknotic superficial immature squamous cell with dense irregularly stainning cytoplasm and perinuclear clearing
osteocytes
gap junctions
elastase
protease secreted by alveolar macrophages
dynein
ATPase associated with microtubule doublets; retrograde transport and ciliary flagellar movement
type II pneumocytes
production of surfactant and regeneration of type I pneumocytes after injury
Brunner glands
only in duodenum
Peyer patches
mostly in ileum
histology of large intestine
goblet cells but no pits or villi
stratified epithelium of the respiratory tract
oropharynx, laryngopharynx, anterior epiglotis, true vocal cords
strep bovis endocarditis
associated with colon cancer 25% of cases
dextran adherence
viridans strep adheres to deposits of fibrin in damaged valves
congenital rubella
sensorineural deafness, cataracts and PDA
fulminant hepatitis
HEV. Not associated with chronic hepatitis.
HCV immuno resistance
antigen variability is responsible for lack of immune response; lacks 3’-5’ proof reading activity
non sorbitol fermenter in McKonkey’s
EHEC:0157
dyptheria vaccine (DPT)
antigen is beta subunit of diptheria endotoxin; active immunity IgGs
staph epidirmidis Rx
vancomycin
cryptococcus infection pathogenesis
asymptomatic infection of lungs –> meningitis; associated with pigeon droppings
toxoplasmosis MRI
ring-enhancing lessions
Hib vaccine
cell wall polysacchride conjugated with diptheria or tetanus toxoid