MSK USMLE Flashcards
soccer player who was kicked in the leg suffered a medial meniscus. What else is likely to have been damaged.
Anterior cruciate ligament (remember the “unhappy triad”
Gymnast dislocates her shoulder anteriorly. What nn is most likely to have been damaged
Axillary nn (C5,C6)
X-ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. What is the dx?
Sarcoidosis
Child exhibits weakness & enlarged calves. What is the dz & how is it inherited?
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy. X-linked recessive
25 y/o woman presents with a low grade fever, a rash across her nose that gets worse when she is out in the sun and widespread edema. What are you concerned about?
SLE
85 y/o man presents with acute knee pain and swelling X-ray shows joint space w/o erosion. What is the dx & what would you find on aspiration
pseudogout; rhomboid calcium pyrophosphate crystals
epidermis layer from surface to base [image p. 313]
stratum Cornium stratum Lucidum stratum Granulosum stratum Spinosum stratum Basalis
mneu: CA Likes Girls w/ String Bikinis
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx prevents diffusion across intracellular spaces
Zona occludens (tight jx)
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx uses actin filaments and E-cadherins to surround the perimeter just below the zona occludens.
Zona adherens (intermediate jx)
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx uses keratin & desmoplakin as small, discrete sites of attachemet
Macula adherens (desmosone)
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx allows adjacent cells to communicate for electrical and metabolic functions and provides a connection with the central channel
gap jx
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx connects cells to underlying extracellular matrix
hemidesmosome
Epithelial cell junctions:
This jx maintains the integrity of the basement membrane
integrin
this type of bone formation is spontaneous bone formation w/out preexisting cartilage (endochodral or intramembranous)
intramembranous
this type of bone formation is ossification of cartilaginous molds. Long bones form by this type of ossification at primary and secondary centers(endochodral or intramembranous)
endochodral
this common football injury caused by clipping from the lateral sides is called the unhappy triad and consists of injury to these three things
medial meniscus
medial collateral ligament (MCL)
anterior crutiact ligament
what test would you do to check for tearing of the ACL
anterior drawer sign (+ indicates tear)
abnormal passive abduction indicates a torn this
MCL
PCL stands for
posterior cruciate ligament
LCL stands for
lateral collateral ligament
“anterior” and “posterior” in ACL and PCL refer to the sites of _______ attachment
tibial
Shoulder muscles that form the rotator cuff
SItS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
counterclockwise from the top
In this autosomal-dominant trait failure of longitudinal bone growth results in short limbs. Membranous ossification is not affected (skull, facial bones, and axial skeleton are all normal. Therefore pt presents with a head and trunk of normal size, but limbs much shorter than normal.
Achrondoplasia
this disorder commonly presents in older pts who complain of pain in weight-bearing joints after use (e.g., at the end of the day improving with rest.) There are no systemic symptoms. This disorder results from the mechanical wear and tear of joints and leads to destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone formation, sclerosis, ostephytes and eburnation, Heberden’s nodes (DIP) and Bouchard’s nodes (PIP)
Osteoarthritis [image p. 318]