Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 Complete > Micro 3 USMLE > Flashcards

Micro 3 USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

You can see tinea as mold hyphae with this type of prep. tineas are not dimorphic.

A

KOH prep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

this opportunistic fungal infxn causes thrush in immunocompromized pts (neonates, taking steroids, dbts, AIDS), vulvovaginitis (pts with high pH, dbts, using AB), and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this opportunistic fungal infxn causes allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung gavity aspergilloma (“fungus ball”), invasive aspergillosis. It’s MOLD has septate hyphae that branch at a V-shaped (45*) angle. Not dimorphic

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

this opportunistic fungal infxn causes meningitis and systemic dz. It is a heavily encapsulated YEAST. It is not dimorphic. It is found in soil, pigeon droppings. Culture it on Sabouraud’s agar and stain with India ink. Latex agglutination test detects polysaccaride capusular Ag.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this opportunistic fungal infxn causes systemic dz. MOLD with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (>90*). Dz strikes mostly ketoacidotic diabetics and leukemic pts. Fungi also proliferate in the walls of blood vessels and cuases infaction of distal tissue. Can cause Rhinocerebral and frontal lobe abscesses.

A

Mucor & Rhizopus spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oportunic Fungal Infxn:

pseudohyphae + buddign yeasts. Germ tubes at 37*C [image p. 147]

A

candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oportunic Fungal Infxn:

45* angle branching septate hyphae. Rare fruiting bodies [image p. 147]

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oportunic Fungal Infxn:

5-10um yeast with wide capsular halo. Narrow based unequal buddign [image p. 147]

A

cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oportunic Fungal Infxn:

Irregular broad (empty looking) nonseptate hyphae, wide-angle branchign[image p. 147]

A

Mucor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Yeast that is inhaled and causes diffuse interstitial pnneumonia in AIDS pts

A

pneumocystis carinii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dx of P. Carinii

A

lung bx of lavage. I.D. w/ silver stain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tx of P. Carinia

A

TMP-SMX

prophylaxis when CD4 drops below 200 cells/ml in HIV pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation often traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn (“rose gardener’s dz), causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis). Causes little systemic illness. Cigar shaped budding yeast visible in pus.

A

sporothrix schenkii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tx sporothrix schenkii w/

A

iatraconazole or potassium iodide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

key words: yeast forms, unequal budding

A

sporothrix schenkii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes bloody diarrhea, dysentary, liver abscess, RUQ pain. Is transmitted via cysts in the water. dx by trophosoits or cysts in stool.

A

entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tx of entamoeba histolytica

A

metronidazole & iodoquinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling diarrhea. Transmitted via cysts in water. Dx by trophozoitese or cysts in stool.

A

Giardia lamblia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tx of Giardia lamblia

A

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes mild watery diarrhea or severe diarrhea in AIDS. Transmitted via cysts in water. Dx by cysts on acid fast stain. No tx

A

cryptosporidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes brain abscesses in HIV and birth defects in neonates. Transmitted by cysts in meat or cat feces. Dx is by seriology or bx.

A

toxoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx of toxoplama

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes malaria: cyclic fever, headache, anemia splenomegaly. Transmitted by Mosquito. Dx is by blood smear.

A

Plasmodium (vivax, ovale, malariae, faciparum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most severe malaria (cerebral) is from infection with

A

P. falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tx of malaria

A

Chloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Causes vaginitis: foul-smelling greenish discharge with itching and birning. Sexual transmission. Dx via trophozoites on wet mount

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tx of Trichomonas Vaginalis

A

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Causes Chagas’ dz (dialated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus). Transmitted via the reduviid bug. Dx by blood smear.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tx of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Nifurimox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causes african sleeping sickness. transmitted by the tsetse fly. dx via blood smear.

A

trypanosoma (T. gambiense, T. rhodensiense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tx of trypanosoma

A

suramin for blood borne dx or melarsoprol for CNS penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) transmitted by the sandfly. dx by macrophages containing amastigotes.

A

Leishmania donovani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

tx of Leishmania donovani

A

sodium stibogluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

causes babesiosis: fever and anemia. transmitted by Ixodes tick. Dx by blood smear, shows no RBC pigment, appears as “maltese cross”

A

babesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

babesia is tx with

A

quinine, clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cause rapidly fatall meningoencephalitis. transmitted by swimming in freshwater lakes (enters via cribiform plate) dx by amebas in spinal fluid. No tx.

A

Naegleria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

helminths are ______

A

cestodes (tapeworms) & trematodes (flukes) & Nematodes (roundworms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cestodes are _______

A

tapeworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

trematodes are ______

A

flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

this cestodode is transmitted by eating undercooked pork, larvae can cause mass lesions in the brain or disseminated dz (cystercercosis)

A

taenia solium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

tx for taenia solium

A

praziquantel/niclosamide; albendazole for cistercercosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

this cestode is transmitted by eggs in dog feces which when ingested can cause cysts in the liver and cause anaphylaxis if antigens are released form cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

tx for Echinococcus granulosus

A

albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

this trematode uses snails as a host. Cercariae penetrate the skin of humans and cause granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of the spleen and liver

A

schistosoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

tx of schistosoma

A

praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

this trematode is transmitted via undercooked fish. It causes inflammation of the biliary tract

A

clonorchis sinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

this trematode is transmitted via undercooked crab meat. It causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infectgion of the lung.

A

Paragoniimus westermani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

tx of Paragoniimus westermani

A

praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

tx of trematodes (flukes) and many Cestodes (tapeworms)

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Nematodes are ________

A

roundworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

this nematodes larvae penetrates the skin of the feet causing an intestinal infection that can cause anemia

A

ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

tx of ancylostoma duodenale

A

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

this nematode that causes intestinal infection has eggs that are visible in the feces

A

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Tx of Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

A

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

this nematode is transmitted by food contaminated with eggs. It causes an intestinal infection and symptoms include anal pruritis

A

enterobius vermicularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

tx of enterobius vermicularis

A

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

this nematode spreads when larvae in the soil penetrate the skin. It results in an intestinal infection

A

strongyloides stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

tx of strongyloides stercoralis

A

Ivermectin/ thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

this nematode is transmitted in undercooked meat, usually pork and results in inflammation of the muscle and periorbital edema

A

trichinella spiralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

tx of trichinella spiralis

A

thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

this nematode is spread in drinking water. It results in skin inflammation and ulceration

A

dracunculus medinensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

tx of dracunculus medinensis

A

niridazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

this nematode is transmitted by the deer fly. It causes swelling in the skin and you can sometimes see worm crawling in the conjunctiva.

A

loa loa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

tx of loa loa

A

diethylcarbamazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

this nematode is transmitted by femlae blackflies and causes river blindness

A

Onchocerca volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

tx of Onchocerca volvulus

A

ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

this nematode is transmitted by food contaminated with eggs. It causes granulomas. If it occurs in retina it can lead to blindness. It also causes visceral larva migrans.

A

toxocara canis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

tx of toxocara canis

A

diethylcarbamazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

this nematode is spread by the female mosquito. It causes blockage of the lymphatic vessels (elephantiasis)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

tx of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

diethylcarbamazine

71
Q

you find brain cysts & seizures. What is the organism?

A

taenia solium

72
Q

you find liver cysts. What is the organism?

A

echinococcus granulosus

73
Q

you find vit B12 deficiency. What is the organism?

A

diphyllobothrium latum

74
Q

you find biliary tract dz. What is the organism?

A

clonorchis sinensis

75
Q

you find hemoptysis. What is the organism?

A

paragonimus westermani

76
Q

you find portal hypertension. What is the organism?

A

schistosoma mansoni

77
Q

you find hematuria, bladder cancer. What is the organism?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

78
Q

you find microcytic anemia. What is the organism?

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

79
Q

you find perianal pritis. What is the organism?

A

enterobius

80
Q

Tricky Ts:

What is chlamydia TRACHomatis

A

bacteria, STD

81
Q

Tricky Ts:

What is TRICHomonas vaginalis

A

protozoan, STD

82
Q

Tricky Ts:

What is TRICHinella spiralis

A

worm in undercooked meat

83
Q

Tricky Ts:

What is TRYPanosoma

A

causes chagas dz or african sleeping sickness

84
Q

Tricky Ts:

What is treponema

A

spirochete; causes syphilis or yaws

85
Q

All DNA viruses except the parvoviridae are __DNA

A

ds

mneu: dsDNA like our cells except for parvovirus which is “part-of-a-virus” ->ssDNA

86
Q

all DNA viral genomes are _____ except papoviruses and hepadnaviruses

A

linear

87
Q

Naked nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and (+) ssRNA (mRNA) viruses are _______

A

infectious

88
Q

Naked nucleic acids of (-) strand ssRNA and dsRNA viruses are ________

A

non-infectious

89
Q

Naked (nonenveloped RNA viruses include

A

Calcivirus, Picornavirus, & Reovirus

mneu: Naked CPR

90
Q

viral nucleic acids with the same structure as the host nucleic acids ar infective alone; others require special enzymes (contained in intact viron) T or F

A

T

91
Q

Generally, enveloped viruses aquire their envelopes from _______ when they exit from the cell.

A

plasma membrane

92
Q

Herpesviruses aquire envelopes from _______

A

nuclear membrane

93
Q

all viruses are _______ ( 1 copy DNA or RNA) except retroviruses, which are ________ (2 identical ssRNA molecules

A

haploid

diploid

94
Q

all DNA viruses replicate in the ______ (except poxvirus)

A

nucleus

95
Q

all RNA viruses replicate in the ________ (except influenza virus and retroviruses)

A

cytoplasm

96
Q

DNA viruses are HHAPPPy viruses

A

hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papova

97
Q

most DNA viruses have these 4 things in common

A

1) ds (except Parvo)
2) linear (exept papova & Hepadna)
3) are icosahedral (except pox)
4) replicate in the nucleus (except Pox)

98
Q

naked DNA viruses

A

Parvo, Adeno, Papova

mneu: you need to b e naked for a PAP smear

99
Q

enveloped DNA viruses

A

Hepadna,Pox,Herpes

100
Q

this virus is of the hepadnavirus family. It is enveloped and partially circular dsDNA virus. It is not a retrovirus but has a reverse transcriptase. It can cause acute or chronic hepatitis. There is a vaccine available.

A

HBV

101
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause oral (and some genital) lesions) and keratoconjunctivitis.

A

HSV-1

102
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause genital(and some oral ) lesions

A

HSV-2

103
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause chickenpox, zoster, and shingles

A

VZV

104
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

EBV

105
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause congenital defects and infection in immunosuppressed pts (esp. transplant recipients)

A

CMV

106
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause Roseola (exanthem subitum

A

HHV-6

107
Q

this virus of the herpesvirus family is an enveloped virus w/ linear dsDNA. It can cause Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV-8

108
Q

this naked, linear, dsDNA causes febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis.

A

adenovirus

109
Q

This tiny naked ss linear DNA virus can cause aplatic crises in sickle cell dz, “slapped cheeks” rash, erythema infectiosum (fifth dz) & hydrops fetalis

A

parvovirus B19

110
Q

this naked ds circular DNA virus of the papovavirus family can cause warts, CIN, and cervical cancer

A

HPV

111
Q

this naked ds circular DNA virus of the papovavirus family can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV

A

JC virus

112
Q

this large enveloped dsDNA virus of the poxvirus family is a scare for germ warfare

A

small pox

113
Q

this large enveloped dsDNA virus of the poxvirus family can cause “milkmaid’s blisters”

A

cowpox (Vaccinia)

114
Q

this large enveloped dsDNA virus of the poxvirus family can cause white pustulese with cottage cheesy like material innside

A

molluscum contageosum

115
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ linear RNA virus of the picornavirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause paralysis

A

poliovirus

116
Q

salk/sabin polio vaccines the one with killed virus and no risk for infection

A

salk

117
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ linear RNA virus of the picornavirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause aseptic meningitis

A

echovirus

118
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ linear RNA virus of the picornavirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause the “common cold”

A

Rhinovirus

119
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ linear RNA virus of the picornavirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause aseptic meningitis, herpangia, febrile pharyngitis, hand, foot and mouth dz, myocarditis

A

Coxsackievirus

120
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ linear RNA virus of the picornavirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause acute viral hepatitis

A

HAV

121
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ liniar RNA virus of the calcivirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause heptatis

A

HEV

122
Q

this nonenveloped ss+ liniar RNA virus of the calcivirus family with an icosahedral capsid can cause viral gastroenteritis

A

Norwalk virus

123
Q

this is a nonenveloped ds liniar segmented RNA viruswith an double icosahedral capsid can cause colorado tick fever

A

reovirus

124
Q

this nonenveloped ds liniar segmented RNA virus of the reovirus family with an double icosahedral capsid is the #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

A

rotavirus

125
Q

this family of enveloped ss+ liniar RNA virus of with an icosahedral capsid contains HCV, Yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus

A

Flavivirus

126
Q

this family of enveloped ss+ liniar RNA virus of with an icosahedral capsid causes Rubella, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis

A

Togavirus

127
Q

this enveloped ss+ liniar RNA retrovirus with an icosahedral capsid uses reverese transcriptase and causes AIDS

A

HIV

128
Q

this enveloped ss+ liniar RNA retrovirus with an icosahedral capsid uses reverese transcriptase and causes T-cell leukemia

A

HTLV

129
Q

this member of the orthomyxoviruses is an enveloped ss- liniar segnebted RNA virus with an helical capsid and causes the “flu”

A

influenza virus

130
Q

this member of the paramyxoviruses is an enveloped ss- linear nonsegmented RNA virus with an helical capsid causes croup in children (barking cough)

A

parainfluenza

131
Q

this member of the paramyxoviruses is an enveloped ss- linear nonsegmented RNA virus with an helical capsid causes bronchilitis in babies

A

RSV

132
Q

tx for RSV

A

ribavirin

133
Q

this family contains enveloped ss- linear nonsegmented RNA virus with an helical capsid (includes parainfluenza, RSV, measels, mumps)

A

paramyxoviruses

134
Q

this member of the rhabdoviruses is an enveloped ss- linear RNA virus with an helical capsid

A

rabies

135
Q

this member of the filovirusesis an enveloped ss- linear RNA virus with an helical capsid causes hemorrhagic fever and is often fatal

A

Ebola/Marburg

136
Q

this enveloped ss + linear RNA virus with an helical capsid causes the “common cold” and SARS

A

coronavirus

137
Q

this member of the arenavirus family is an enveloped ss - circular RNA virus with an helical capsid and causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis

A

LCV

138
Q

this member of the bunyavirus family is an enveloped ss - circular RNA virus with an helical capsid and causes hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia

A

hantavirus

139
Q

this virus family is an enveloped ss - circular RNA virus with an helical capsid and causes california encephalitis, sandfly/rift valley fevers, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever

A

bunyavirus

140
Q

this member of the deltavirus family is an enveloped ss - circular RNA virus with an helical capsid and causes hepatiis

A

HDV

141
Q

viral vaccines: _______ vaccines induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity but have reverted to virulence on rare occasions

A

live attenuated

142
Q

______ vaccines induce only humoral immunity but are stable.

A

killed

143
Q

it is dangerous to give _____ vaccines to immunocompromised pts or their close contacts

A

live

144
Q

measels mumps, rubella, sabin polio, VZV, yellow fever, smallpox, adenovirus vaccine are all this type of vaccine.

A

live attenuated

145
Q

rabies, influenza, HAV, and Salk Polio vaccines are all this type of vaccines

A

killed

mneu: SalK=Killed

146
Q

Flu, MMR,Yellow fever are all ____ based vaccines

A

egg

mneu=FRY an egg

147
Q

HBV is a _____ vaccine

A

recombinant

148
Q

Viral genetics: this describes the exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology (recombination,complimentation, reassortment, phenotypic mixing)

A

recombination

149
Q

Viral genetics: this describes when viruses with segmented genomes (recombination,complimentation, reassortment, phenotypic mixing) exchange segments. It is a cause of high frequency recombinationa nd a cause of wordwide pandemics (recombination,complimentation, reassortment)

A

reassortment

150
Q

Viral genetics: this describes when 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a non-functional protien. The nonmutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making a functional protiein that sesrves both viruses. (recombination,complimentation, reassortment, phenotypic mixing)

A

complimentation

151
Q

viral vaccines: _______ vaccines induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity but have reverted to virulence on rare occasions

A

live attenuated

152
Q

______ vaccines induce only humoral immunity but are stable.

A

killed

153
Q

it is dangerous to give _____ vaccines to immunocompromised pts or their close contacts

A

live

154
Q

measels mumps, rubella, sabin polio, VZV, yellow fever, smallpox, adenovirus vaccine are all this type of vaccine.

A

live attenuated

155
Q

rabies, influenza, HAV, and Salk Polio vaccines are all this type of vaccines

A

killed

mneu: SalK=Killed

156
Q

Viral genetics: this describes when genome of virus A can be coated with the surface proteins of virus B. Type B protein coat determines the infectivity of the phenotypically mixed virus. However, the progeny from this infection has a type A coat and is encoaded by its type A genetic material(recombination,complimentation, reassortment, phenotypic mixing)

A

phenotypic mixing

157
Q

give the sx of the viral pathogens: herpesviruses (HSV types 1 & 2, VZV, CMV, EBV) HBV smallpox

A

DNA enveloped viruses

158
Q

give the sx of the viral pathogens: adenovirus, papillomaviruses, parvovirus

A

DNA nucleocapsid viruses

159
Q

give the sx of the viral pathogens: influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, RSV, measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, rabies virus, HTLV, HIV

A

RNA enveloped viruses

160
Q

give the sx of the viral pathogens: enteroviruses (poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, HAV), rhinovirus, reovirus

A

RNA nucleocapsid viruses

161
Q

explain the concept of slow virus infections and give 2 examples

A

virus existes in pt for months to years before it manifests as clinical dz. SSPE (late sequela of measles), PML (reactivation of JC virus) in immunocompromized pts, especially AIDS

162
Q

segmented viruses are all ____ viruses

A

rna

163
Q

segmented viruses include (4)

A

mneu: BOAR

Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses(influenza virus)
Arenaviruses,
Reoviruses.

164
Q

Influenza virus consists of 8 segments that can undergo reassortment, causing antigenic ______ that lead to worldwide epidemics of the flu.

A

shifts

165
Q

this group includes Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackie virus, & HAV.

A

Picornavirus

mneu: PERCH on a “peak” (pico)

166
Q

describe picornaviruses

A

small RNA virus

mneu: (pequeno) picoRNA virus

167
Q

this type of virus is a non-enveloped RNA virus and the cause of the common cold. There is 100 serologic types

A

Rhinovirus

mneu: Rhino has a runny nose

168
Q

this segmented dsRNA reovirus is the most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis and a cause of acute diarrhea in the US during the winter

A

Rotavirus

mneu: ROTA=Right Out The Anus

169
Q

this virus group causes dz in children. Members include parainfluenza (croup), mumps, and measles as well as RSV, which causes respiratory tract infections in infants. All members of this group have 1 serotype except parainfluenza which has 4

A

Paramyxoviruses

170
Q

this virus is a paramyxovirus with 1 serotype. Symptoms include: Parotitis, Orchitis (inflammation of the testes) and aseptic Meningitis. It can cause sterility (esp. after puberty)

A

Mumps viurs

mneu: Mumps makes your parotid glands and testes as big as POM-poms.

171
Q

pt presents with head cold, cough, conjunctivitis, & Koplik spots (bluish-gray spots on buccal mucosa). What virus?

A

Measles

mneu: 3 C's of measles
cough
coryza (head cold)
conjuntivitis
also Koplik spots
172
Q

give 2 possilbe sequelae in measles

A

SSPE & encephalitis & giant cell pneumonia (rarely in immunosupressed)

173
Q

What is Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

A

A chronic brain disease of children and adolescents that occurs months to often years after an attack of measles, causing convulsions, motor abnormalities, mental retardation and, usually, death.

Step 1 Complete (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions