GI USMLE Flashcards
baby vomits milk when fed and has a gastric air bubble. What kind of fistula is present?
blind esophagus w/ lower segment of esophagus attached to trachea
After a stressful life event, 30 y/o female has diarrhea and blood per rectum; intestinal bx shows transmural inflammation. what is thedx
crohn’s dz
young man presents w/ mental deterioration and tremors. he has brown pigmentation in a ring around the periphery of his cornea and altered LFTs. What tx should he receive?
penicillamine for wilson’s dz
20y/o male presents w/ idiopathic hyprbilirubinemia. what is the most common cause?
Gilberts dz
Given the embrionic gut region, give the aa that supplies it and the sxs supplied:
Foregut
Celiac aa
stomach to prox duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Given the embrionic gut region, give the aa that supplies it and the sxs supplied:
midgut
SMA
distal duodenum to prox 2/3 of transverse colon
Given the embrionic gut region, give the aa that supplies it and the sxs supplied:
hndgut
IMA
distal 1/3 of transvere colon to upper portion of the rectum
Stoach recieves main blood supply from branches of this ________
celiac trunk
because of portal-systemic anastomoses blockage of 1 vv can result in congestion of blood in an alternate route. Given the backup what type of pathology would you see.
L gastric →azygous
What is this a common complication with?
esophageal varicies
Portal HTN
mneu: varices of GUT, BUTT, and CAPUT are commonly seen with portal hypertension
because of portal-systemic anastomoses blockage of 1 aa can result in congestion of blood in an alternate route. Given the backup what type of pathology would you see.
Superior →inferior rectal
What is this a common complication with?
external hemorrhoids
mneu: varices of GUT, BUTT, and CAPUT are commonly seen with portal hypertension
because of portal-systemic anastomoses blockage of 1 vv can result in congestion of blood in an alternate route. Given the backup what type of pathology would you see.
Paraumbilical →inferior epigastric
What is this a common complication with?
caput medusae at naval
mneu: varices of GUT, BUTT, and CAPUT are commonly seen with portal hypertension
because of portal-systemic anastomoses blockage of 1 artery can result in congestion of blood in an alternate route. What two places do the the retroperitonal vv usually back up to?
renal and paravertebral vv
layers of gut wall (inside to outside)[pic.p.264]
1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa/adventita
mucosal layer consists of these three layers (give fxs as well)
epithelium (absorption) lamina propria (support) muscularis mucosa (mucosal motility
Submucosa includes this nerve plexus that controls these fxs
Submucosal (Meissner’s)
controls Secretions, blood flow, and absorption
Muscularis externa includes this nerve plexus that controls these fxs
Myenteric nerve plexis (Auerbach’s)
controls mobility
Muscularis externa has these two layers of mm
outer longitudinal layer
inner circular layer
This enteric nerve plexus coordinates MOTILITY along the entire gut wall. It contains cell bbodies of some parasympathetic terminal effector neurons. It is located between inner and outer layers (longitudinal and circular) smooth mm in the GI tract wall
Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
This enteric nerve plexus regulates local SECRETIONS, blood flow, and absorption. It contains cell bodies of some parasympathetc terminal effector neurons. It is located between the mucosal and inner layer of smooth mm in the GI tract wall.
Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
These glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutrolize acid contents entering the duodenum from the stomach. They are located in the duodenal submucosa.
brunners glands
these are the only GI submucosal glands
brunner’s glands
hypertrophy of Brunner’s glands is seen in what dz
Peptic Ulcer dz
Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine
Peyer’s patch
Peyer’s patches are covered by a single layer of cuboidal enterocytes with specialized _____ cells intersperced.
M cells