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USA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main vine species native to America?

A

Vitis labrusca
Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis aestivalis

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2
Q

When is the earliest recorded plantings of Vitis Vinifera in the USA?

A

1619

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3
Q

Why did Vitis Vinifera fail when initially planted in the USA?

A

Phylloxera

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4
Q

Who were the first people to plant vines in California?

A

Franciscan Monks

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5
Q

Who was the first American settler to plant vines in California?

A

George Yount

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6
Q

When was California annexed by the USA from Mexico?

A

1847

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7
Q

Which Hungarian producer is the founder of Buena Vista, and called the father of Californian wine?

A

Agoston Haraszthy

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8
Q

When did Phylloxera destroy vines in California?

A

1870s and 1880s

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9
Q

Who was the first person to understand the resistance of American vine species to phylloxera?

A

Charles Valentine Riley

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10
Q

What happened in the USA from 1920?

A

Prohibition

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11
Q

When did prohibition in the USA end?

A

1933

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12
Q

What sort of wine quality were Americans focused on after prohibition?

A

Bulk, cheap wines, low quality

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13
Q

Who did Robert Mondavi work for?

A

Charles Krug

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14
Q

Who is credited with the creation of the Napa Valley brand?

A

Robert Mondavi

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15
Q

What famous wine did Robert Mondavi release for the first time in 1968?

A

Fume Blanc, an oaked style of Sauvignon Blanc

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16
Q

What event propelled America’s wine reputation in 1976?

A

The judgement of Paris, organised by Steven Spurrier

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17
Q

Which 2 wines were the American standouts in the Judgement of Paris?

A

Stags Leap Cellar’s Cabernet Sauvignon
Chateau Montelena’s Chardonnay
(Both from Napa Valley)

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18
Q

What happened in the 1980s in America?

A

Phylloxera returned and devastated much of California

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19
Q

Which 3 American cult producers gained huge followings in the 1990s?

A

Screaming Eagle
Harlen Estate
Colgin

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20
Q

What is an AVA?

A

American Viticultural Area
USAs equivalent of a GI or AOP

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21
Q

Which organisation finalised the AVA system in the late 1970s?

A

ATF
(Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms)

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22
Q

Which appellation was awarded the first AVA in 1980?

A

Augusta in Missouri

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23
Q

When did Napa Valley gain its AVA?

A

1981

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24
Q

Which organisation oversees the AVA system today?

A

TTB
(Tac and trade bureau)

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25
Q

What is the function of an AVA?

A

To indicate an area of origin for the wines. It does not set out limitations in the vineyard or winery

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26
Q

How much of a wines grapes must come from an AVA if named on the bottle?

A

85%

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27
Q

How much of a wines grapes must come from a county if named on the bottle?

A

75%

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28
Q

How much of a wines grapes must come from the county’s of California, Oregon, or Washington if named on the bottle?

A

For California and Oregon: 100%
For Washington: 95%

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29
Q

How much of a wines grapes come from a single vineyard if named on the bottle?

A

95%

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30
Q

How much of a wine must be made from a varietal if stated as a varietal wine in the USA?

A

75%

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31
Q

If labelled, how much of a varietal wine of Vitis Labrusca must make up a wine?

A

51%

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32
Q

What are the 5 overarching AVAs of California?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
South Coast
San Francisco Bay
Sierra Foothills

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33
Q

Where are most fine wine districts located in California?

A

Near the coast where temperatures are mitigated by the sea and fog

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34
Q

Where does 75% of California’s wine come from?

A

The Central Valley, which is not recognised as an AVA

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35
Q

What is Meritage?

A

Used by American producers to indicate a premium blend where no grape accounts for more than 90% of the blend. The blend must be made from Bordeaux varieties, and can be red or white

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36
Q

What are the counties of California’s North Coast?

A

Napa County
Sonoma County
Mendocino County
Lake County
Solano County
Marin County

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37
Q

Roughly how much of California’s vineyard acreage is in Napa Valley AVA?

A

4%

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38
Q

How many sub-AVAs does Napa Valley have?

A

16

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39
Q

What is the Petaluma Gap?

A

A gap in the mountains in Napa Valley which allows cool ocean breezes and fog to sweep into the south of Napa Valley and cool vineyards

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40
Q

What is the altitude range in Napa Valley?

A

0-600m

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41
Q

What are the mountain ranges either side of Napa Valley?

A

Mayacamas Mountains to the west and the Vaca Mountains to the east

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42
Q

What are the 3 mountain AVAs on the Vaca Mountain Range in Napa Valley?

A

Mount Veeder
Diamond Mountain District
Spring Mountain District

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43
Q

What are the 2 mountain AVAs on the Mayacamas Mountain Range in Napa Valley?

A

Atlas Peak
Howell Mountain

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44
Q

What are the style of mountain AVA wines from Napa Valley?

A

Density, dark fruit, concentration, high acidity

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45
Q

What are the 6 valley floor appellations of Napa Valley?

A

Yountville
Oakville
Stag Leaps District
Calistoga
St Helena
Rutherford

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46
Q

What are the style of valley floor AVAs in Napa Valley?

A

More elegant fruit with less intensity and a more supple palate

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47
Q

Describe a typical Napa Valley Chardonnay

A

Full bodied
Creamy and buttery
Rich and oaky

48
Q

Which sub-AVA in Napa Valley specialises in sparkling wines?

A

Los Carneros

49
Q

Where is Sonoma County situated?

A

West of Napa Valley on the Californian coastline

50
Q

How much of California’s total production comes from Sonoma County?

A

6%

51
Q

How many sub-AVAs are within Sonoma County?

A

19

52
Q

Which AVA has land in both Sonoma County and Napa Valley?

A

Carneros AVA

53
Q

Which Champagne producer has significant holdings in Carneros AVA?

A

Taittinger

54
Q

What is the Winkler Index?

A

A index to show the average climates of sub-appellation and regions across California. Region 1 are the coolest climates going up to region 5. Premium quality wines are almost always produced between Region 1 and Region 3

55
Q

Which 2 AVAs are most prominent in Region 1 climates within Sonoma County?

A

Carneros AVA
Sonoma Coast AVA

56
Q

What climate factor helps maintain cooler temperatures in Region 1 climates in Sonoma County?

A

Ocean breezes and fog

57
Q

Which Region 1 AVA was marked out in 2017 and is known for its wind and fog?

A

Petaluma Bay AVA

58
Q

Which grapes are most commonly found in Sonoma County Region 1 AVAs?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Syrah

59
Q

Which famous AVA is considered a Region 2 climate of Sonoma County?

A

Russian River Valley AVA

60
Q

What grape varieties is the Russian River Valley known for?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

61
Q

What are the soils of the Russian River Valley?

A

Fertile, alluvial soils

62
Q

What AVA is a sub-AVA of the Russian River Valley?

A

Green Valley

63
Q

What are the 4 major Region 3 climate AVAs of Sonoma County?

A

Alexander Valley
Dry Creek Valley
Rockpile
Knights Valley

64
Q

Which AVA is the warmest in Sonoma County?

A

Knights Valley

65
Q

What grapes varieties dominate in the Region 3 climates of Sonoma County?

A

Bordeaux varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon

66
Q

Which 2 Sonoma County AVAs are known for Zinfandel?

A

Dry Creek Valley
Rockpile AVA

67
Q

Where is Mendocino County located?

A

North of Sonoma

68
Q

How many sub-AVAs does Mendocino county have?

A

11

69
Q

Which 2 rivers are 9 out of the 11 sub-AVAs of Mendocino located around?

A

Russian River
Navarro River

70
Q

What are the 2 small, secluded AVAs located in the north of Mendocino?

A

Dos Rios
Covelo

71
Q

What is America’s smallest AVA and where is it located?

A

Cole Ranch AVA
Located within Mendocino County

72
Q

Which Champagne producer makes sparkling wine from the Alexander Valley AVA in Mendocino County?

A

Louis Roederer

73
Q

Where is Lake County located?

A

East of Mendocino

74
Q

How many AVAs does Lake County have?

A

9

75
Q

How many AVAs make up the Central Coast of California?

A

10

76
Q

Which AVA represents the northernmost area of California’s Central Coast?

A

San Francisco Bay AVA

77
Q

What are the 2 major AVAs east and south of San Francisco?

A

Livermore Valley
Santa Cruz Mountains

78
Q

What is the quality grape of Livermore AVA?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

79
Q

Which famous wine comes out of Santa Cruz Mountains AVA?

A

Ridge’s Monte Bello

80
Q

Which county is immediately south of the San Francisco area?

A

Monterey County

81
Q

Which 2 valleys lie within Monterey?

A

Carmel Valley
Salinas Valley

82
Q

What quality of wines does the majority of Monterey end up in?

A

Low quality, bulk blends

83
Q

Which county is south of Monterey?

A

San Luis Obispo

84
Q

What is the overarching AVA of San Luis Obispo?

A

Paso Robles

85
Q

How many sub-AVAs does Paso Robles have?

A

11

86
Q

What is the southern county of California’s Central Coast?

A

Santa Barbara

87
Q

What are the 2 major AVAs within the Santa Barbara county?

A

Santa Maria Valley
Santa Ynez Valley

88
Q

Which famous vineyard in Santa Maria Valley was planted in the 1970s?

A

Bien Nacido

89
Q

What is the 2 important AVAs within the Central Valley?

A

Lodi
Sierra Foothills

90
Q

Which grape dominates Lodi AVA?

A

Zinfandel

91
Q

Which grape dominates Sierra Foothills AVA?

A

Zinfandel

92
Q

Which state is the USA’s second largest producer of premium wines?

A

Washington

93
Q

Where are 99% of Washington’s vineyards located?

A

East of the Cascade Mountains

94
Q

What effect does the Cascade Mountains have on Washington’s climate?

A

The cause a rain shadow, giving Washington a continental climate

95
Q

What are the main soils of the Cascade Mountains?

A

Basalt with a topsoil of sandy or silt

96
Q

What is the largest AVA within Washington?

A

Columbia Valley

97
Q

What was Washington’s first AVA, and when was it approved?

A

Yakima Valley
1983

98
Q

How many sub-AVAs does Yakima Valley have?

A

5

99
Q

What are the 3 most planted grape varieties of the Yakima Valley?

A

Merlot
Riesling
Cabernet Sauvignon

100
Q

Where id the Walla Walla Valley located?

A

On the southern border of Washington sharing some of the land with Oregon

101
Q

What is the Walla Walla Valley AVA known for?

A

Premium red wines based off Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Syrah

102
Q

What is the major AVA of Oregon?

A

Willamette Valley

103
Q

What is the Williamette Valley known for?

A

Quality Pinot Noit

104
Q

Which Burgundy producer famously purchased land in the Williamette Valley in 1987?

A

Joseph Drouhin

105
Q

How many sub-AVAs does the Williamette Valley have?

A

15

106
Q

What are the 3 dominant white grapes of the Williamette Valley?

A

Riesling
Chardonnay
Pinot Gris

107
Q

Which state in the USA produces the 3rd largest amount of wine?

A

New York

108
Q

What is the most planted grape variety of New York?

A

Concord

109
Q

What are the 2 American grape species commonly found in New York instead of Vitis Vinifera?

A

Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Aestivalis

110
Q

Who was the first person to successfully cultivate Riesling in New York?

A

Dr. Konstantinos Frank in the 1950s, in Finger Lakes Valley

111
Q

Which AVA bottles 90% of the wines from New York?

A

Finger Lakes AVA

112
Q

How do the Finger Lakes benefit vines?

A

They moderate the temperatures of the surrounding vineyards, preventing frosts and overheating

113
Q

What is the flagship grapes of the Finger Lakes?

A

Riesling

114
Q

Which 2 lakes within Finger Lakes have their own AVAs?

A

Seneca Lake
Cayuga

115
Q

Where is Long Island AVA situated?

A

East of New York City on Long Island

116
Q

What grapes are commonly found in Long Island AVA?

A

Bordeaux varieties
Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Riesling

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