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Central Italy Flashcards

Tuscany, Abruzzo, Lazio, Marche, Umbria

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1
Q

Where is Tuscany located?

A

On the Tyrrhenian Coast of Italy

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2
Q

What was the first Chianti zone delimited?

A

1716

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3
Q

What region in Italy received the first DOC and DOCG zones?

A

Tuscany

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4
Q

What was the original form of bottling Chianti?

A

Fiasco

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5
Q

Roughly how much of Tuscany’s output is DOC or DOCG level?

A

60%

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6
Q

How many DOCGs are in Tuscany?

A

11

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7
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany?

A

Mediterranean

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8
Q

What is the major grape of Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese

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9
Q

Describe a typical Sangiovese

A

Light coloured, high acidity, firm tannins, medium-full bodied
Cherry aromas and herbal undertones

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10
Q

Which 2 local grapes are often blended with Sangiovese in Tuscany?

A

Colorino
Canaiolo

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11
Q

Which 2 international grapes are commonly blended with Sangiovese in Tuscany?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

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12
Q

Which 2 local white grapes are most planted in Tuscany?

A

Trebbiano Toscano
Malvasia

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13
Q

Which 2 international white grapes are most commonly found in Tuscany?

A

Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

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14
Q

What percentage of Tuscan output is red wine?

A

85%

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15
Q

When was modern Chianti zoned?

A

1932

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16
Q

When was Chianti officially given DOCG status?

A

1984

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17
Q

How many subzones does Chianti have?

A

8

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18
Q

Which 2 subzones are considered the best in Chianti?

A

Classico
Rufina

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19
Q

What is the DOC within the Rufina subzone of Chianti?

A

Pomino DOC

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20
Q

Which 2 producers make wines from Pomino DOC?

A

Frescobaldi
Fattoria Selvapiana

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21
Q

Who is credited with defining the classic Chianti blend in 1872?

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

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22
Q

What is the modern Chianti blend?

A

70-100% Sangiovese

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23
Q

May white grapes be added to a Chianti blend?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Chianti?

A

11.5%

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25
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti Normale and Chianti Riserva?

A

Wines for normale can be released from 1st March following the harvest
Riserva must be aged 2 years before release

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26
Q

When was Chianti Classico given DOCG status?

A

1984

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27
Q

How many zones lay within Chianti Classico?

A

4

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28
Q

What are the soils of Chianti Classico?

A

Sandstone and marl

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29
Q

What is the Chianti Classico blend?

A

Minimum 80% Sangiovese
White grapes banned (from 2006)

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30
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Chianti Classico?

A

12%

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31
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico and Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

Normal Chianti Classico cannot be released before 1st October the year after harvest
Riserva must be aged for a minimum 24 months, including a minimum 3 months in bottle and a minimum alcohol of 12.5%

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32
Q

What are the requirements for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

Wines aged for minimum 30 months with 3 months in bottle
Minimum 13% alcohol
Minimum 90% Sangiovese

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33
Q

Who is credited with coming up with the classic Brunello di Montalcino style?

A

Clemente Santi from Biondi-Santi. It is said he isolated the Brunello clone in 1865

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34
Q

When was the first release of Biondi-Santi’s Brunello di Montalcino Riserva?

A

1888

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35
Q

What is the only permitted grape variety of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello clone)

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36
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Aged in cask for minimum 2 years
Aged in bottle for minimum 4 months prior to release
Cannot be released until January 1st the 5th year after harvest

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37
Q

What are the soils of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Galestro in higher altitudes
Clay in lower altitudes
Marine fossils across all of Montalcino

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38
Q

How does the palate of a Brunello wine differ from a Chianti?

A

Brunello is fuller bodied, with higher alcohol, higher extraction, and higher tannin

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39
Q

What are the 3 DOCs of Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montlacino
Sant’Antimo
Moscadello di Montalcino

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40
Q

What are the regulations of Rosso di Montlacino?

A

100% Sangiovese from the same region as Brunello
Minimum 1 year aging before release

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41
Q

When was Sant’Antimo DOC created?

A

1996

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42
Q

What styles of wines does Sant’Antimo produce?

A

Super-Tuscan style red wines, with no limit on grape varieties. White wines also produced

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43
Q

What wines foes Moscadello di Montalcino DOC produce?

A

Still or sparkling wines based off Moscadello (Moscato Bianco). Wines can be sweet

44
Q

When was Vin Nobile di Montepulciano awarded DOCG status

A

1980

45
Q

What are the grape requirements for Vin Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Minimum 70% Sangiovese
No more than 5% white grapes

46
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vin Nobile di Montepulciano and the Riserva?

A

Minimum 2 years age, with 1 year in wood
For Riserva, minimum 3 years

47
Q

When did Morellino di Scansano gain its DOCG status?

A

2006

48
Q

What are the wines of Morellino di Scansano gain DOCG?

A

Red wines based off minimum 85% Sangiovese

49
Q

Which other appellation does Carmignano overlap?

A

Chianti

50
Q

What are the grape requirements of Carmignano?

A

Minimum 50% Sangiovese
10%-20% Cabernet Franc or Cabernet Sauvignon

51
Q

What are the 2 DOCG zones within Carmignano?

A

Rosso della Val di Corina
Suvereto

52
Q

When and what was the first “Super-Tuscan” released?

A

In 1968 Tenuta San Guido released the Sassicaia cuvee

53
Q

Where is Sassicaia made?

A

Bolgheri

54
Q

What is the blend of Sassicaia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc

55
Q

What appellation was the first Sassicaia cuvee released under?

A

Vino de tavola (Table wine)

56
Q

When did Antinori release their first Super-Tuscan and what is it called?

A

1971
Tignanello

57
Q

How much Sangiovese is required for Tignanello?

A

85%

58
Q

What is the blend of Solaia?

A

Cabernet blend

59
Q

What is the blend of Ornellaia?

A

Bordeaux blend

60
Q

What is the blend of Massteo?

A

Merlot

61
Q

What is the blend of Paleo Rosso?

A

Cabernet Franc

62
Q

Why did some producers release their wines from Chianti as vino de tavola around the same time the Super Tuscans were coming out?

A

They wanted to make 100% Sangiovese which was not permitted in Chianti

63
Q

When was the IGT for Super Tuscans created?

A

1992

64
Q

When was Bolgheri given DOC status?

A

1994

65
Q

What are the grape varieties of Bolgheri DOC?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Syrah
Sangiovese

66
Q

What are the aging requirements for Bolgheri Superiore?

A

Minimum 2 years with 1 oak
Minimum 12.5% ABV

67
Q

When was Bolgheri Sassicaia granted its own appellation?

A

2013

68
Q

What is special about Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?

A

It is the only true monopole DOC in Italy

69
Q

Where is Elba located?

A

Off the coast of Maremma in Tuscany

70
Q

Which famous general was exiled to Elba in 1814?

A

Napoleon

71
Q

When did Elba Aleatico receive a DOCG status and for wines?

A

2011
Sweet passito reds wines made from Aleatico

72
Q

What grape is Aleatico thought to be related to?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

73
Q

What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

74
Q

What does Vin Santo mean in English?

A

Holy wine

75
Q

What are the grapes of Vin Santo?

A

Predominantly Trebbiano and Malvasia with Grachetto rarely used
Sangiovese is required at 50% for the rose Vin Santo

76
Q

What is the Vin Santo production process?

A

Grapes are hung on rafters until at least the 1st December when they are raisinated
Slow fermentation begins and then aging in caratelli barrels for 3-8 years
The barrels are never filled to the top to allows for evaporation and some oxidation

77
Q

What appellation is the majority of Vin Santo released under?

A

Vin Santi del Chianti DOC

78
Q

What is the classic food pairing for Vin Santo?

A

Biscotti

79
Q

Where is Umbria

A

Southeast of Tuscany

80
Q

What is the mountain range going through the west of Umbria?

A

Appenines

81
Q

What are the grapes of Orvieto DOC

A

Grechetto and Tribbiano Toscano

82
Q

What is the grape of Sagranito di Montefalco DOCG?

A

Sagranito

83
Q

What are the aging requirements for Sagranito di Montefalco DOCG?

A

37 months, including 12 in wood

84
Q

What is the traditional style of wine from Sagranito di Montefalco?

A

Passito

85
Q

What is the main grape of Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

Sangiovese

86
Q

What are the aging requirements for Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

Minimum 3 years, including 6 months in bottle

87
Q

What famous estate owned by Antinori released Chardonnay based wines under Umbria IGT?

A

Castello della Sala

88
Q

Where is Lazio?

A

South of Tuscany and Umbria

89
Q

What are the dominant grapes of Lazio?

A

Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia

90
Q

What are the DOCGs within Frascati DOC in Lazio?

A

Frascati Superiore
Cannellino di Frascati

91
Q

What wines are made in Cesanese del Piglio DOCG?

A

Red wines based off Cesanese

92
Q

Describe a wine made from Cesanese

A

Spicy and peppery with high acidity and high alcohol

93
Q

Where is Le Marche located?

A

East of Umbria on the Adriatic Coast

94
Q

What are the 2 Verdicchio DOCGs of Le Marche?

A

Verdicchio di Matelica
Castelli di Jesi

95
Q

What are the common aromas of Verdicchio?

A

Lemon tinge
Stony streak
Bitter almond tang

96
Q

What are the aging requirements for the Verdicchio Riserva DOCGs?

A

18 months

97
Q

What are the grape varieties of Conero Rosso Risvera DOCG?

A

Minimum 85% Montepulciano and maximum 15% Sangiovese

98
Q

What is the grape of Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG?

A

Vernaccia

99
Q

When was Offida given DOCG status and for what grapes?

A

2011
Red: Montepulciano
White: Precorino, Passerina

100
Q

Where is Abruzzo?

A

South of Le Marche on the Adriatic Sea

101
Q

What is the most planted grape of Abruzzo

A

Montepulciano

102
Q

What is the DOCG of Abruzzo known for being the Classico zone of Montepulciano?

A

Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOCG

103
Q

What are the Colline Teramane DOCG grape requirements?

A

Minimum 90% Montepulciano

104
Q

What are the aging requirements of Colline Teramane DOCG and its Riserva?

A

Minimum 1 year including 2 months in bottle
3 years for Riserva

105
Q

What grapes are allowed in Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC?

A

Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano Abruzzese

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