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Northern Italy Flashcards

Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli, Lombardy, Emilia Roagna, Liguria, Valle d'Aosta

1
Q

What does Piemonte mean in English?

A

Foot of the mountain

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2
Q

Which 2 mountains surround Piedmont?

A

Apennines and the Alps

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3
Q

What is the name of the river that cuts through Piedmont?

A

The Po River

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4
Q

What are the 3 main provinces in Piedmont?

A

Asti
Alessandria
Cuneo

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5
Q

What are the 2 main vine producing hills in Piedmont?

A

Langhe Hills
Monferrato Hills

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6
Q

What are the underlying soils of Piedmont?

A

Calcareous marl and sandstone soils with varying amounts of clay and sand

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7
Q

What is the climate of Piedmont?

A

Continental

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8
Q

What is considered to be the main risk for the Langhe hills?

A

Autumn hail showers

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9
Q

Which grape dominates Piedmont?

A

Nebbiolo

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10
Q

Where does the name Nebbiolo come from?

A

Named after the morning fog (La Nebbia in Italian) which prolongs the grapes ripening process

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11
Q

What is the typical palate of Nebbiolo?

A

High acid
High alcohol
High tannin

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12
Q

When was Nebbiolo first recognised for quality?

A

1431

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13
Q

What are the 2 red grapes of Piedmont? (except Nebbiolo)

A

Barbera
Dolcetto

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14
Q

Describe Dolcetto wines

A

Very fruity designed for younger consumption
Medium Tannin
Low Acid
Medium Alcohol

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15
Q

Describe the palate of Barbera

A

High acidity
Low tannin
Medium alcohol

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16
Q

What are the 6 less red grapes of Piedmont?

A

Brachetto
Grignolino
Ruche
Croatina
Vespolina
Freisa

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17
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Piedmont?

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat a Petits Grains)

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18
Q

What are the other white grapes of Piedmont?

A

Cortese
Arneis
Erbaluce
Favorita (Vermentino)

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19
Q

What are the 5 most planted international grapes in Piedmont?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

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20
Q

How many DOCGs and DOCs are in Piedmont?

A

19 DOCGs
41 DOCs

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21
Q

What are the 2 most prestigious DOCGs in Piedmont?

A

Barolo and Barbaresco

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22
Q

Which DOC are Barolo and Barbaresco sat within?

A

Langhe DOC

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23
Q

Which river cuts through Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Tanaro River

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24
Q

Where are the best wines from Barolo and Barbaresco said to come from?

A

Domaine bottled single vineyard crus

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25
Q

What is the grape of Barolo?

A

Nebbiolo

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26
Q

How many communes are within Barolo?

A

11

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27
Q

Which 5 communes represent roughly 90% of Barolo’s output?

A

La Morra
Barolo
Serralunga d’Alba
Monforte d’Alba
Castiglione Faletto

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28
Q

Which Barolo communes have more Serravallian sandstone, producing wines with more structure?

A

Monforte d’Alba
Serralunga d’Alba
Castiglione Falletto

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29
Q

Which Barolo communes have more Tortonian soils with more calcareous marl?

A

La Morra
Barolo

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30
Q

What are the minimum aging requirements for Barolo?

A

Minimum 38 months aging from November 1st of the harvest year. Minimum 18 months in wood

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31
Q

How long does Barolo Riserva need to age for?

A

62 months

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32
Q

What do traditional Barolo winemakers do when aging Barolo?

A

They use large neutral casks after extended macerations of 30-50 days. Wines often need to be aged for decades before being approachable

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33
Q

Name 2 famous Barolo traditionist winemakers

A

Giacomo Conterno
Giuseppe Rinaldi

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34
Q

What do modernist Barolo winemakers do when aging Barolo?

A

They use barriques and short macerations to produce a rounder style of wine

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35
Q

Name 2 famous Barolo modernist winemakers

A

Luciano Sandrome
Paolo Scavino

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36
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

A DOCG for aromatised wine, particularly red vermouth such as Cocchi. They are flavoured with quinine, which is a type of bark

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37
Q

What is the grape of Barbaresco?

A

Nebbiolo

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38
Q

How does Barbaresco differ from Barolo?

A

The wines are lighter bodied and more elegant

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39
Q

What are the 3 towns of Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco
Neive
Treiso

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40
Q

What are the aging requirements of Barbaresco?

A

Minimum 26 months from November 1st of the year of harvest, including a minimum 9 months in cask

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41
Q

What are the aging requirements of Barbaresco Riserva?

A

50 months

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42
Q

Name 1 famous modernist producer in Barbaresco

A

Angelo Gaja

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43
Q

Name 1 famous traditionalist Barbaresco producer

A

Bruno Giacosa

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44
Q

What year was Roero granted DOCG status?

A

2004

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45
Q

What are the grape requirements for Roero DOCG?

A

Minimum 95% Nebbiolo

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46
Q

What are the white wines of Roero made from?

A

Arneis

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47
Q

What are the soils of Roero?

A

Sandy soils

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48
Q

Where is Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG located?

A

Along the Sesia River

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49
Q

What wines are produced from the Gattinara and Ghemms DOCGs?

A

Dry red wines based off Nebbiolo

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50
Q

What are the 3 main grapes used for Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs?

A

Nebbiolo
Vespolina
Bonarda

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51
Q

What are the 3 DOCGs in Piedmont which produce Barbera based wines?

A

Barbera d’Asti
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore
Nizza

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52
Q

How long does Barbera d’Asti have to be aged for?

A

4 months

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53
Q

How long does Barbera del Monferrato Superiore have to be aged for?

A

14 months, including 6 months in wood

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54
Q

When was Nizza given its own DOCG status?

A

2014

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55
Q

What is the grape used for Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG?

A

Ruche

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56
Q

When was Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato given DOCG status?

A

2010

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57
Q

What are the 3 DOCGs for Dolcetto based wines?

A

Dogliani
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada)
Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba (Diano d’Alba)

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58
Q

For all 3 Dolcetto DOCGs, what is the minimum aging requirements for the Superiore label?

A

10 months

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59
Q

What is the grape of Gavi DOCG?

A

Cortese

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60
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Gavi?

A

Normally still wines, though frizzante and Spumante wines are permitted

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61
Q

Where is Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG located?

A

Just south of the Carema province in northeast Piedmont

62
Q

What is the grape of Erbaluce di Caluso?

A

Erbaluce

63
Q

What is the grape of Erbaluce di Caluso?

A

Erbaluce

64
Q

What is the best regarded wine style from Erbaluce di Caluso?

A

Passito

65
Q

How much wine does Moscato d’Asti roughly produce annually?

A

650000 hectolitres. The highest producing DOCG in Italy

66
Q

What is the wine style of Moscato d’Asti?

A

Spumante (sparkling)

67
Q

What is the only grape of Moscato d’Asti?

A

Moscato Bianco

68
Q

What happens to the grape must after pressing for Moscato d’Asti?

A

It is chilled and stored for batch fermentation throughout the year on demand

69
Q

What is the sparkling wine method for Moscato d’Asti?

A

Charmat

70
Q

Why is the Charmat method used for Moscato d’Asti?

A

It preserves floral notes and fruitiness on the wines as the wines only go through one fermentation and avoid autolysis

71
Q

What is the maximum bottle pressure for Moscato d’Asti?

A

2.5 atmospheres

72
Q

What are the alcohol boundaries for Moscato d’Asti?

A

4.5%-6.5%

73
Q

What former subzone of Asti was promoted in 2023 with its own DOCG appellation?

A

Canelli DOCG

74
Q

What style of wine is produced from Alta Langa?

A

Methode Traditionelle Spumante from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

75
Q

What are the aging requirements for Alta Langa and Alta Langa Riserva?

A

30 months for normal Alta Langa
3 years for Riserva

76
Q

What style of wine is Brachetto d’Acqui?

A

Usually sweet and frizzante

77
Q

What 3 wine regions fall under the Tre Venezie?

A

Trentino-Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli-Venezia Giulia

78
Q

Where is Trentino-Alto Adige located?

A

Northeast Italy

79
Q

What is the topography of Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Mountainous

80
Q

What are the 2 provinces of Trentino-Alto Adige and what are their cultures?

A

Alto-Adige in the north is German speaking, often referred to as Suditrol
Trentino is Italian speaking to the south

81
Q

What is Val d’Adige DOC?

A

A multiregional DOC encapsulating Trentino-Alto Adige and Verona in Veneto, though is rarely used

82
Q

What are the 6 main white grapes of Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Grigio
Pinot Bianco
Muller-Thurgau
Sauvignon Blanc
Gewurztraminer

83
Q

Where is Valle Isarco?

A

Northeast Alto Adige

84
Q

What wines is Valle Isarco known for?

A

High quality white wines made from Austrian and German grapes such as Sylvaner, Veltliner, and Kerner

85
Q

What is Trentino-Alto Adige’s most prominent red grape?

A

Schiava

86
Q

What are the typical blends of Casteller DOC in Trentino?

A

Schavia, Merlot, Lambrusco

87
Q

What is Legrein?

A

A red grape variety founnd in Trentino-Alto Adige

88
Q

How many DOCGs are in Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

0

89
Q

How much of Trentino-Alto Adige’s production is DOC status?

A

99%

90
Q

Where is Veneto located?

A

Northeast Italy, bordered by Trentino in the north, Friuli in the east, and Lombardy to the west

91
Q

Roughly how much of Veneto’s production is DOC?

A

25%

92
Q

What are the 2 DOCG zones within Valpolicella DOC?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella
Recioto della Valpolicella

93
Q

What are the grapes varieties for Amarone and Recioto della Valpolicella?

A

Corvina (45% - 95%)
Rondinella

94
Q

When was Amarone della Valpolicella and Recioto della Valpolicella granted DOCG status?

A

2010

95
Q

What winemaking method is used to make Amarone and Recioto della Valpolicella?

A

Appassimento method

96
Q

Describe the appessimento method

A

The grapes are dried for 3 months in lofts and then fermented to concentrate sugars
Recioto is often dried for longer to make a semi-sweet wine whereas Amarone is fermented to dryness

97
Q

What aromas and flavours does the appessimento method give the wine?

A

Dried fruit aromas
Mouthfeel is warm and glycolic

98
Q

How long is Amarone della Valpolicella aged for?

A

2 years

99
Q

How long is Amarone della Valpolicella Riserva aged for?

A

4 years

100
Q

When did Valpolicella Ripasso gain DOC status?

A

2010

101
Q

What wines does Valpolicella Ripasso DOC make?

A

Red wines which sit between the fruitiness of Valpolicella and depth of Amarone
The wines are refermented with the unpressed grape skins previously fermented for Amarone or Recioto

102
Q

Where is Bardolino DOC located?

A

The west of Veneto near Lake Garda

103
Q

What grapes dominate the Bardolino DOC blends?

A

Corvina and Rondinella

104
Q

What DOCG lies within Bardolino DOC?

A

Bardolino Superiore DOCG

105
Q

What are the aging requirements of Bardolino Superiore DOCG?

A

1 year prior to release

106
Q

What are the grape requirements of Soave DOC?

A

Minimum 70% Garganega
Maximum 30% Trebbiano (di Soave) and/or Chardonnay

107
Q

What are the 2 DOCG zones of Soave?

A

Soave Superiore DOCG
Recioto di Soave DOCG

108
Q

What are the 2 subzones of Soave Superiore?

A

Classico
Colli Scaligeri

109
Q

What are the aging requirements for Soave Superiore to be Riserva?

A

1 year

110
Q

How is Recioto di Soave produced?

A

From grapes dried for 4-6 months from the same area as Soave Superiore

111
Q

Which of the following 3 appellations are allowed to be spumante?
Soave DOC
Soave Superiore DOCG
Recioto di Soave DOCG

A

Soave DOC
Recioto di Soave DOCG

112
Q

What are the grape requirements of Gambellara DOC?

A

Minimum 80% Gargenaga

113
Q

What are the grapes of Recioto di Gambellara DOCG?

A

100% dried Gargenaga

114
Q

What is the winemaking method used to make Prosecco?

A

Charmat

115
Q

What is the main tasting note of the Prosecco (Glera) grape?

A

Peach

116
Q

What are the required pressures for Prosecco spumante and Prosecco frizzante?

A

3.5 atmospheres for spumante
1-2.5 atmopsheres for frizzante

117
Q

Which vessel to the Prosecco wines undergo secondary fermentation in?

A

Stainless steel

118
Q

What are the 2 DOCG zones of Prosecco?

A

Congelliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG
Asolo Prosecco DOCG

119
Q

What are the required sweetness levels for Superiore Prosecco?

A

Between Brut and Demi-Sec

120
Q

How much of a Prosecco blend must be from a single vintage in order for the label to declare a vintage bottling?

A

85%

121
Q

What countries does Friuli-Venezia Giulia border?

A

Austria and Slovenia

122
Q

What is the name of the overarching DOC covering all of Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Friuli DOC

123
Q

How many DOCGs does Friuli-Venezia Giulia and what are they?

A

4 DOCGs
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG
Lison DOCG
Ramandolo DOCG
Rosazzo DOCG

124
Q

Which DOCG of Friuli-Venezia Giulia lies partly within Veneto?

A

Lison DOCG

125
Q

What is the main white grape of Friuli?

A

Friulano

126
Q

What are the main red grapes used in Friuli?

A

International grapes of Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot

127
Q

What is the major sparkling wine DOCG of Lombardy?

A

Franciacorta DOCG

128
Q

What are the still wines of Franciacorta released as?

A

Curtefranca

129
Q

What is the method used to produce Franciacorta?

A

Methode Traditionelle

130
Q

When was the Franciacorta DOCG created for methode traditionelle sparkling wines?

A

1995

131
Q

What are the grape varieties of Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Nero (Noir)
Pinot Bianco (max 50%)

132
Q

What are the aging requirements of NV Franciacorta?

A

18 months on the lees
Cannot be released until 25 months after harvest

133
Q

What are the aging requirements for vintage Franciacorta?

A

Minimum 37 months aging after harvest

134
Q

What are the aging requirements for Franciacorta Riserva?

A

Minimum 5 years on the lees
Released after 67 months from harvest

135
Q

How much of a Franciacorta blend must be from a single vintage in order for the label to declare a vintage bottling?

A

85%

136
Q

What styles of wine are made in Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

Methode Traditionelle sparkling wines

137
Q

What are the grape requirements for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

Minimum 70% Pinot Nero

138
Q

What are the aging requirements of Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

15 months on the lees for NV
2 years on the lees for Vintage

139
Q

What are the still wine of Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG released as?

A

Oltrepo Pavese DOC

140
Q

What style of wine does Valtellina DOC produce?

A

Still red wines based off Nebbiolo

141
Q

What are the DOCG in Valteillina?

A

Valtellina Superiore DOCG
Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

142
Q

What are the aging requirements for Valteillina Superiore and the Riserva?

A

Non-Riserva is minimum 2 years aging, with 1 in cask
Riserva is minimum 3 years aging

143
Q

What style of wine comes Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

Appessimento method wines based off Nebbiolo

144
Q

What style of wines does Moscato di Scanzo DOCG produce?

A

Sweet passito red wines based off red Moscato

145
Q

Which Emilia Roagna appellation was the first to receive DOCG status for white wines in Italy?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG

146
Q

What is the grape of Romagna Albana DOCG?

A

Albana

147
Q

Which DOCG in Emilia Roagna produces white wines based off the Grechetto grape?

A

Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto DOCG

148
Q

What is the famous frizzante red wine to come from Emilia Roagna?

A

Lambrusco

149
Q

What are the 4 Lambrusco DOCs?

A

Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro
Lambrusco di Sorbara
Lambrusco Salamino di Croce
Lambrusco Mantovano

150
Q

What is the main white grape of Liguria?

A

Vermentino (Pigato)

151
Q

What is the main red grape of Liguria?

A

Rossese

152
Q

How many subzones does Valle d’Aosta DOC have?

A

7

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