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Greece & Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

What was Greek wine traditionally known for?

A

Restina

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2
Q

Traditionally, what is Restina?

A

Wine flavoured with Aleppo pine resign, which occurred due to the amphorae casks traditionally being sealed with pine resin to prevent spoilage

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3
Q

What grape is modern Restina usually made from?

A

Savatiano

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4
Q

Can Restina be labelled as a vintage?

A

no

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5
Q

When were the first wine laws implemented in Greece?

A

1970

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6
Q

Why were Greek wine laws refined in the 1980s?

A

To conform to EU standards of wine law

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7
Q

What are the 2 PDO levels of Greece?

A

AOC
AOSQ

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8
Q

What is the AOSQ designation in Greece?

A

A designation for traditional dry table wines

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9
Q

What is the AOC designation in Greece?

A

Reserved for sweet wines made from Muscat or Mavrodaphne grapes

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10
Q

What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve white and red wines?

A

1 year aging for white wines with 6 months in barrel
2 years aging for red wines with 18 months in barrel

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11
Q

What are the aging requirements for Greek Grande Reserve white and red wines?

A

2 years aging for white wines with 1 year in barrel
4 years aging for red wines with 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle

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12
Q

Other than the PDO levels, how else can Greek wines be labelled?

A

PGI wines
Varietal wines
Table wines

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13
Q

Where is Macedonia (Greek) located?

A

In the far north of Greece

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14
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of Greek Macedonia?

A

Noussa PDO
Amynteo PDO
Cotes de Meliton PDO
Goumenissa PDO

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15
Q

What is the sole grape of Noussa PDO?

A

Xinomavro

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16
Q

Which large famous Greek producer is based in Noussa PDO?

A

Boutari

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17
Q

What is the sole grape of Amynteo PDO?

A

Xinomvaro

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18
Q

Which Greek producer controls the Cotes de Meliton PDO?

A

Domaine Carras

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19
Q

What are the wine styles from Cotes de Meliton PDO?

A

Bordeaux blends

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20
Q

What are the grapes of Goumenissa PDO?

A

Xinomavro with 20% Negoska

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21
Q

Where is Thessalia located?

A

South of Greel Macedonia

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22
Q

What are the 2 PDOs of Thessalia?

A

Ripansi
Anchialos

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23
Q

What is the main grape of Ripanso?

A

Xinomavro

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24
Q

What are the main grapes of Anchialos?

A

Roditis
Savatiano

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25
Q

Where is Epirus located?

A

Northwest Greece

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26
Q

What is the single PDO of Epirus?

A

Zista

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27
Q

What is the main white and red grape of Zista PDO?

A

Debina
Xinomavro

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28
Q

Where is Peleponnese located?

A

The southernmost part of mainland Greece

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29
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of the Peleponesse?

A

Nemea
Mavrodaphne of Patras
Muscat Patras AOC
Rio of Patras AOC

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30
Q

What is the main grape of Nemea PDO?

A

Agriogitiko

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31
Q

Who is the main producer of Nemea PDO?

A

Boutari

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32
Q

What is the main grape of Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

Mavrodaphne

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33
Q

Where are the Ionian Islands located?

A

Off the west coast of Thessalia

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34
Q

What are the 2 PDOs of the Ionian islands?

A

Kefalonia
Muscat of Kefalonia AOC

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35
Q

What wines are produced from Kefalonia PDO?

A

White wines from the indigenous Robola grape

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36
Q

What style of wine comes from Muscat of Kefalonia?

A

Vin de Liqueur

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37
Q

What are the 4 wine producing islands within the Aegean Islands?

A

Crete
Samos
Lemnos
Rhodes

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38
Q

What are the PDOs of Crete?

A

Sitia
Arhanes
Daenes
Peza

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39
Q

What are the grape requirements for Sitia PDO?

A

Red wines require 80% Latiko
White wines require 70% Vilana

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40
Q

What is the AOC of Samos?

A

Muscat of Samos

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41
Q

What is the AOC of Lemnos?

A

Muscat of Lemnos

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42
Q

What are the grapes of Rhodes PDO?

A

Mandilaria (red)
Athiri (white)

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43
Q

What is the quality sweet appellation of Rhodes?

A

Muscat of Rhodes

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44
Q

Which 2 Cycladic Islands have PDOs?

A

Santorini
Paros

45
Q

What is the main grape of Santorini?

46
Q

Which wines are covered by the Santorini AOSQ?

A

White wines only based off Assyrtiko

47
Q

What are the 2 sweet wine appellations of Santorini?

A

Santorini AOC
Vin Santo

48
Q

What grapes are used for Greek Vin Santo?

A

Assyrtiko
Aidani

49
Q

What grapes are used for Santorini AOC?

A

Aidani
Aspro
Athiri

50
Q

What are the respective red and white grapes of Paros PDO?

A

Mandilaria (red)
Monemvasia (white)

51
Q

What are the 3 overarching zones of Hungary?

A

Northern Hungary
Trans-Danube
The Great Plain

52
Q

Where is Eger located?

A

Northern Hungary

53
Q

What famous wine is produced in Eger?

A

Egri Bikaver

54
Q

What are the grape varieties for Egri Bikaver?

A

Kekfrankos
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc

55
Q

What is the name of the famous wine-producing town in northeast Hungary?

56
Q

What are the 3 grapes of Tokaji?

A

Furmint
Muscat a Petits Grains (Haraslevelu Sarga Muskotaly)
Zeta

57
Q

What are aszu grapes?

A

Grapes which have been attacked by the noble rot botrytis cinerea

58
Q

What is Tokaji Szamorodni?

A

A full bodied white wine made from a mix of aszu and non-aszu grapes all picked together in the same vineyard. The resulting wine can be dry, off dry, or sweet depending on the amount of aszu grapes present

59
Q

What is Tokaji Aszu made from?

A

Grapes which have all been affected by botrytis

60
Q

What happens to Tokaji Aszu grapes after they are picked?

A

They are lightly pressed to release some of the free run juice

61
Q

What happens to Tokaji Aszu grapes after they have been lightly pressed?

A

They are made into a paste

62
Q

What is a gonc?

A

A traditional cask in Tokaj which can hold 136L

63
Q

What is a putton?

A

A traditional wooden bucket from Tokaji which can hold 28L of liquid, equivalent to 20-25kg of grape paste

64
Q

What happens in Tokaji after the grapes are made into a paste?

A

The paste is added to a gonc full of grape must which is not aszu, in measures of puttons

65
Q

How much paste mixture is added to a gonc if the wine is 3 puttonyos?

66
Q

What is the minimum sweetness level for modern Tokaji Aszu?

67
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Tokaji Aszu?

68
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for Tokaji Aszu?

69
Q

What is the name of the liquid from the initial Tokaji Aszu press?

70
Q

What is Tokaji Naturesszencia?

A

The wine which comes from the free run juice from the initially press of Tokaji Aszu grapes. The wine is incredible rare and takes decades to ferment to even 5% ABV

71
Q

What are the 3 regions within The Great Plain?

A

Csongrad
Hajos-Baja
Kunsag

72
Q

What are the 4 regions of the Trans-Danube?

A

Lake Balaton
Somlo
Szekszard
Villany-Siklos

73
Q

What are the 3 main grapes of Lake Balaton?

A

Pinot Gris
Welschriesling
Kekynelo

74
Q

What is special about Lake Balaton?

A

It is the largest lake in Europe

75
Q

What are the grapes of Somlo?

A

Furmint
Muscat
Welschriesling
Juhfark

76
Q

What style of wine is Szekszard known for?

A

Dark red wines

77
Q

What is the traditional red grape of Szekszard?

78
Q

What are the 2 subregions of Villany-Siklos?

A

Villany
Siklos

79
Q

What wines is Villany known for?

A

Red wines based off Kekoporto, Kekfrancos, and Bordeaux varieties

80
Q

What wines is Siklos known for?

A

Muscat
Welschriesling

81
Q

When was Bulgaria’s wine regions first delimited?

82
Q

What are the 5 regions of Bulgaria?

A

Danubian Plain Region
Black Sea Region
Rose Valley Region
Threacian Lowlands Region
Strouma Valley Region

83
Q

Where is the Danubian Plain located?

A

Northern Bulgaria

84
Q

What is the climate of the Danubian Plain?

A

Continental

85
Q

What are the main red grapes of the Danubian Plain?

A

Gamza
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

86
Q

What is a synonym for Gamza?

87
Q

What are the main white grapes of the Danubian Plain?

A

Dimiat (Dimyat)
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

88
Q

What style of wine is common from the Black Sea Region?

A

Dry and semi-dry wines

89
Q

Where is the Black Sea Region?

A

Eastern Bulgaria

90
Q

Where is the Rose Valley located?

A

Balkan Mountains in central Bulgaria

91
Q

What are the main white grapes of the Rose Valley?

A

Red Misket
Rkatsiteli

92
Q

What are the main red grapes of the Rose Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

93
Q

What river flows through the Thracian Lowlands?

A

Thracian River

94
Q

What are the main red grapes of the Thracian Lowlands?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Mavrud
Pamid

95
Q

Where is the Strouma Valley located?

A

Southwest Bulgaria

96
Q

What is the popular grape of Strouma Valley?

97
Q

What is the quality level of Romanian wine?

A

Very low quality

98
Q

What are the 4 regions of Romania?

A

Cotnari
Tarnave
Dealu Mare
Murflatlar

99
Q

Where is Cotnari located?

A

Moldova, Romania

100
Q

Where is Tarnave located?

A

Transylvania, Romania

101
Q

Where is Dealu Mare located?

A

Mutenia, Romania

102
Q

Where is Murflatlar located?

A

Dobrogea, Romania

103
Q

When was Slovenia established as a country?

104
Q

What are the 3 regions of Slovenia?

A

Podravje
Posavje
Primorsje

105
Q

What does the CIS stand for?

A

Commonwealth of Independent States
They are the collective states formerly part of the Soviet Union

106
Q

What is the most popular white and red grape for the CIS countries?

A

Ratziteli (white)
Saperavi (red)

107
Q

What style of wine is commonly found in Cyrpus?

A

Sherry style wines

108
Q

What is the famous red sweet wine from Cyrpus?

A

Commandarie St John

109
Q

Has Cyprus been impacted by Phylloxera?

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