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Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the method used to make Champagne?

A

Methode Champenoise

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2
Q

What are the 2 other names for the Methode Champenoise outside of Champagne?

A

Methode Traditionelle
Methode Classique

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3
Q

Who is the Benedictine monk praised for their techniques of assemblage and viticulture in Champagne?

A

Dom Perignon

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4
Q

Where was Dom Perignon the cellar master of?

A

Abbey of Hautvillers

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5
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

Northern France, north of Paris, between the 48th and 49th parallel

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6
Q

What are Champagnes 4 main concerns during every vintage?

A

Frost
Rain
Fungal disease
Hail

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7
Q

What are the soils of Champagne?

A

Belemnite chalk subsoil over micraster chalk mixed with a high content of limestone. There is a thin layer of sand and clay covering the chalk

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8
Q

What is belemnite chalk?

A

Derived from the fossilised remains of millions of extinct cephalopods and has a high limestone content

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9
Q

What is micraster chalk?

A

Chalk derived from an extinct sea urchin

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10
Q

What are the 3 principle grapes of Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Pinot Meunier

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11
Q

What do each of the 3 main Champagne grapes provide to a Champagne blend?

A

Chardonnay provides elegance and longevity
Pinot Noir provides structure, richness, and body
Meunier provides fruitiness and approachability

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12
Q

What are the 4 accessory grapes of Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Pinot Meslier

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13
Q

How many villages are there in Champagne?

A

357

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14
Q

What are the 5 districts of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cotes des Blanc
Cotes de Sezanne
Cotes des Bar

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15
Q

How many grand cru and premier cru villages are in Champagne?

A

17 Grand Crus
42 Premier Crus

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16
Q

Which grape dominates the Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

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17
Q

Which grape dominates the Valle de la Marne?

A

Meunier

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18
Q

Which grape dominates the Cotes de Blanc?

A

Chardonnay

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19
Q

Which grape dominates the Cotes des Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

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20
Q

What is the role of the CIVC?

A

A regulatory body responsible for overseeing relations between growers and producers, and overseeing production methods and marketing of Champagne. They also regulate the size of the harvests, and regulate the release and reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages

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21
Q

What is the Echelle de Crus?

A

A system setup by the CIVC to set the price of grapes. It was abolished in the early 2000s and now the CIVC supervises transactions

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22
Q

What is a Negociant Manipulant?

A

A Champagne house that buys grapes and/or a base wine from growers and smaller producers. They often own their own vineyards as well

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23
Q

What is the name of a Champagne House’s flagship (best) wine?

A

Cuvee de Prestige

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24
Q

What are the Prestige Cuvées of Bollinger?

A

Grand Annee
R.D.

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25
Q

What are the Prestige Cuvées of Krug?

A

Krug Collection
Grand Cuvee

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26
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Laurent Perrier?

A

Grand Siecle

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27
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Moet & Chandon?

A

Dom Perignon

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28
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Perrier Joubert?

A

Belle Epoque

29
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Pol Roger?

A

Sir Winston Churchill

30
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Pommery?

A

Cuvee Louis

31
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Ruinart?

A

Dom Ruinart

32
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Taittinger?

A

Comtes de Champagne

33
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Veuve Cliquot?

A

La Grande Dame

34
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Jacquesson?

A

Grand Signature

35
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Louis Roederer?

A

Cristal

36
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Piper-Heidsieck?

A

Rare

37
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Charles-Heidsieck?

A

Blanc de Millionaires

38
Q

What are the Prestige Cuvées of Billecart-Salmon?

A

Elisabeth Salmon

39
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Gosset?

A

Celebris

40
Q

What is the Prestige Cuvée of Philliponnat?

A

Clos de Goisses

41
Q

What is a Recoltant Manipulant?

A

A grower-producer whose makes Champagne only from estate grown grapes

42
Q

What is a Cooperative Manipulant?

A

A growers co-operation that produces wine under a single brand

43
Q

What is a Recoltant Cooperateur?

A

A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-op but sold under the growers label

44
Q

What is a Societe de Recoltants?

A

A firm set up by a union of related growers who share resources to make wines and collectively market several brands

45
Q

What is a Negociant Distributeur?

A

A middleman company that distribute Champagne it did not make

46
Q

What is a Marque d’Acheteur?

A

A buyers own brand, often a chain or supermarket, who buys champagne and sells it under its own label

47
Q

What is the extraction limit for Champagne grapes?

A

2550 litres from 4000kg of grapes

48
Q

What are the names of the 3 grape extractions in Champagne?

A

Vin de Cuvee
Vin de taille
Rebeche

49
Q

What is the Rebeche used for?

A

Distillate (spirit)

50
Q

What is debourbage?

A

When the juice from the Champagne grapes settles for 8-15 hours after pressing. This allows the remaining solids to be removed prior to fermentation

51
Q

What are vins clairs?

A

High acid base wines of around 11% ABV prior to secondary fermentation

52
Q

What is assemblage?

A

When the base Champagne is blended with reserve stocks from previous years to create the house style

53
Q

What is the liqueur de triage?

A

A mixture of wine, yeast, sugar, and fining agents which ignite secondary fermentation

54
Q

What is another name for secondary fermentation in Champagne?

A

Prise de mousse

55
Q

Where does secondary fermentation occur?

A

In the Champagne bottle

56
Q

How is the Champagne bottle sealed for secondary fermentation?

A

With a crown cap, similar to those on beer bottles

57
Q

Roughly how long does secondary fermentation take?

A

8 weeks

58
Q

How does the alcohol content change during secondary fermentation, and what is the pressure inside the bottle?

A

Alcohol rises by roughly 1.2-1.3%
Pressure inside the bottle is 5 or 6 atmospheres

59
Q

What is autolysis?

A

The breakdown of dead yeast cells which forms sediment called lees

60
Q

What is the minimum amount of time NV Champagne has to be aged on the lees?

A

12 months

61
Q

What is remuage?

A

Also known as riddling
- through the use of pupiture, which is 2 wooden planks together in an A shape, being able to hold up to 60 bottles
- traditionally, a remeur would fractionally turn the bottles each day over 8 weeks until the neck was pointing down
- today, a gyropalette is used which is more efficient, taking one week and holding up to 504 bottles

62
Q

What is degorgement?

A

When the neck of the bottle is dipped in freezing brine solution to freeze the sediment with the crown. The pressure within the bottle then pops the cap and the sediment goes out with it

63
Q

What is dosage?

A

Also called liqueur d’expedition, it is a mix of wine and sugar

64
Q

How long must a NV Champagne be aged in bottle for prior to release?

A

15 months

65
Q

How long must a vintage Champagne be aged in bottle for prior to release?

A

36 months

66
Q

What are the sweetness level in Champagne?

A

Based off residual sugar:
Brut Nature (Non-Dose) - 0-3g/l
Extra Brut - 0-6g/l
Brut - 0-12g/l
Extra Dry - 12-17g/l
Sec - 17-32g/l
Demi-sec - 32-50g/l
Doux- 50+g/l

67
Q

What is the major still wine appellation in Champagne?

A

Coteaux Champenois

68
Q

What is the Rose de Riceys appellation in Champagne?

A

A still wine appellation in Champagne reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, which is a village in Aube

69
Q

What are the exceptional Champagne vintages since 1990?

A

1990, 1996
2008
2012, 2016

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