Us history study guide 5.2 5.3

Question 1

bureaucracy

Answer 1

the departments and workers that make up the government.

Question 2

John Marshall

Answer 2

-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
-Marshall was a Federalist,
- a last-minute appointee by the outgoing President, John Adams.

Question 3

judicial review

Answer 3

reviewing the acts of Congress and of the President to determine if they were constitutional.

Question 4

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 4

Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review

Question 5

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 5

Jefferson obtained a vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.

Question 6

Barbary War

Answer 6

a war between the Barbary States and the United States

Question 7

what were the barbary states

Answer 7

North Africa—Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli

Question 8

impressment

Answer 8

taking American sailors from their ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy.

Question 9

embargo

Answer 9

suspending trade with the British by ordering American ships to stay in port

Question 10

what did jefferson want to do

Answer 10

undo the work of the federalist

Question 11

what was jeffersons agenda

Answer 11

reduce debt and he want to reduce the size of the army

Question 12

what did he want to do to the federal government

Answer 12

shrink it, overall reduce the influence it had

Question 13

what would the federalist never reclaim

Answer 13

national power.

Question 14

what did Jefferson administration leave?

Answer 14

it left a profound legacy with its aquirement of new territory.

Question 15

what did Jefferson administration set out to do?

Answer 15

things quite differently from their predecessors, who had copied the style of the British monarchy.

Question 16

what did Jefferson encouraged Congress to do

Answer 16

abandon the Alien and Sedition Acts, as well as the hated taxes on stamps, land, and alcoholic spirits.

Question 17

Unlike Hamilton, Jefferson wanted to

Answer 17

to retire the national debt by paying it down.

Question 18

how did jefferson cut the national debt

Answer 18

he made major cuts to the army and navy

Question 18

what did jefferson streamline

Answer 18

the government’s bureaucracy,

Question 19

what did jefferson benefit from

Answer 19

customs revenue from imports that were increased

Question 19

the westward movement of American farming families did what to the sale of federal land

Answer 19

it increased it

Question 20

what did the Democratic Republicans hate

Answer 20

hated the Federalist displays of wealth as an aristocratic threat to the republic.

Question 21

how was jefferson described

Answer 21

-friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to
-having or showing a lack of courtesy;

Question 22

Why was Jefferson’s victory in the election of 1800 considered a “revolution”?

Answer 22

Because he changed the way the president acts and how he is viewed

Question 22

who was the last minute apointee by the out going president john adams

Answer 22

Marshal

Question 23

in marshals 35 years what did he participate in

Answer 23

more than 1,000 court decisions, writing over half of them—more than any other Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history

Question 24

what did marshal apply?

Answer 24

four of Hamilton’s principles to interpret the Constitution

Question 25

what were the four principles marshel applied

Answer 25

judicial review insisted that federal laws were superior to state laws. like Hamilton, Marshall broadly interpreted LOOSE CONSTRUCTION limitation of the state governments power to interfere with business

Question 26

Marshall first asserted the power of judicial review in the case of

Answer 26

Marbury v. Madison

Question 27

because of marshal what will the supreme court accept

Answer 27

that the Supreme Court will review the constitutionality of federal laws.(JUDICIAL REVIEW)

Question 27

Marshall claimed a sweeping power for the Supreme Court that....

Answer 27

Democratic Republicans did not want that Court to have.

Question 28

jefferson insisted on farm ownership because

Answer 28

-it was essential to the freedom of Americans for the rapidly growing population -the nation needed twice as much land every generation to maintain farm ownership.

Question 29

Jefferson wanted the United States to expand to the what?

Answer 29

pacific

Question 30

empire was weak, and they were distracted by the war in Europe

Answer 30

spanish colonists

Question 31

Jefferson reasoned that he could avoid war by offering to

Answer 31

buy New Orleans from the French.

Question 32

Napoleon decided to sell all of the

Answer 32

Louisiana Territory

Question 33

In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Jefferson obtained a vast territory extending from the

Answer 33

Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.

Question 33

the Louisiana Territory nearly what?

Answer 33

doubled the size of the United States.

Question 34

what did the luisianna purchase contradict

Answer 34

Jefferson’s constitutional principles.

Question 35

the Constitution did not authorize the federal government to

Answer 35

buy territory from a foreign country.

Question 36

In 1804, Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory, in what became known as the

Answer 36

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Question 37

The men were guided much of the way by

Answer 37

a Shoshone woman, named Sacajawea, and her husband.

Question 38

on the expidition what did they create

Answer 38

maps of the territory

Question 39

what did they study

Answer 39

plants and animals and added them to books

Question 40

on the expidition They made peace with

Answer 40

native americans along the way

Question 41

where did the missury river empty

Answer 41

pacific ocean

Question 42

what did jefferson call his view of the election

Answer 42

a revolution

Question 43

Jefferson spent government money to explore the

Answer 43

new land

Question 44

Which new states were formed after the War of 1812?

Answer 44

alabama, illinois,mississippi, and indiana was formed

Question 45

what was the war of 1812 also known as

Answer 45

Second war for independance

Question 46

While Jefferson succeeded in his plans to expand to the west, he faced a number of significant challenges to

Answer 46

solidifying the stability and economy of the United States.

Question 47

The Barbary States were profiting by

Answer 47

seizing American ships and sailors in the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 48

To buy immunity from that piracy, the Washington and Adams administrations had

Answer 48

paid protection money to the Barbary States.

Question 49

what did the ruler of Tripoli do

Answer 49

increased his price.

Question 50

Jefferson sent the small American navy to blockade the port of Tripoli, winning a

Answer 50

favorable peace in 1805, concluding the Barbary War.

Question 51

United States needed to expand overseas markets for

Answer 51

the surplus produce

Question 52

what did the war in europe do

Answer 52

aided in this goal

Question 53

British navy quickly captured

Answer 53

most of France’s merchant ships.

Question 54

To supply food to the French colonies in the West Indies and to export their sugar, the French

Answer 54

turned into(disguised as) american ships

Question 54

American merchants picked up cargoes in the French colonies and took them to

Answer 54

ports in the United States, where they unloaded them

Question 55

the merchants reshipped the cargoes to France as if

Answer 55

they were American products.

Question 56

“re-export” trade soared creating

Answer 56

a boom for the american economy

Question 57

due to American shipyards producing hundreds of new ships what happened

Answer 57

it tripling the size of the nation’s merchant marine

Question 58

Farmers also benefited by

Answer 58

selling their produce to feed French soldiers in Europe and enslaved Africans and plantation owners in the West Indies.

Question 59

what were the 2 reason The British hated the re-export trade

Answer 59

1. it helped the French economy, 2. the new trade helped the United States become Britain’s greatest commercial competitor

Question 59

Prosperous American merchants built new

Answer 59

wharves, warehouses, and mansions,

Question 60

since the American merchants built new things

Answer 60

it boosted the construction trades in seaport cities.

Question 61

britain insisted that anyone born within its empire was a

Answer 61

British subject for life.

Question 62

But Democratic Republicans insisted that the British actions

Answer 62

insulted the United States and threatened the country’s economic growth.

Question 63

Describe Jefferson’s foreign policy response to British impressment of American sailors.

Answer 63

the embargo bankrupted American merchants, threw American sailors out of work, and hurt farmers, who could no longer export their crops.

Question 64

Jefferson balked at the high cost of

Answer 64

building a bigger navy, which would undermine his policies of reducing the national debt and keeping taxes low.

Question 64

The United States lacked a navy large enough to

Answer 64

challenge the British fleet.

Question 65

He also worried that a large military would become

Answer 65

a threat to the Republic.

Question 66

Jefferson persuaded Congress to declare an

Answer 66

embargo

Question 67

British found other markets in

Answer 67

South America.

Question 68

who did the embargo hurt

Answer 68

American merchants, threw American sailors out of work, and hurt farmers, who could no longer export their crops.

Question 69

Federalists gained support in the

Answer 69

northern states, especially in New England.

Question 70

embargo had caused his popularity

Answer 70

lag

Question 71

what were the cause of the war of 1812

Answer 71

western expansion, relations with American Indians, and territorial control of North America.

Question 72

what were the effect of the war

Answer 72

1.After the war, American nationalism surged. 2.People felt confident in the strength of the republic 3.ended most American Indian resistance to American expansion

Question 73

key events in the war

Answer 73

2.British forces invaded the U.S. in mass, NY Maryland, Washington, D.C., and New Orleans 2.American navy performed well, capturing four British ships