Us history study guide 5.2 5.3 Flashcards
bureaucracy
the departments and workers that make up the government.
John Marshall
-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
-Marshall was a Federalist,
- a last-minute appointee by the outgoing President, John Adams.
judicial review
reviewing the acts of Congress and of the President to determine if they were constitutional.
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson obtained a vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
Barbary War
a war between the Barbary States and the United States
what were the barbary states
North Africa—Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli
impressment
taking American sailors from their ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy.
embargo
suspending trade with the British by ordering American ships to stay in port
what did jefferson want to do
undo the work of the federalist
what was jeffersons agenda
reduce debt and he want to reduce the size of the army
what did he want to do to the federal government
shrink it, overall reduce the influence it had
what would the federalist never reclaim
national power.
what did Jefferson administration leave?
it left a profound legacy with its aquirement of new territory.
what did Jefferson administration set out to do?
things quite differently from their predecessors, who had copied the style of the British monarchy.
what did Jefferson encouraged Congress to do
abandon the Alien and Sedition Acts, as well as the hated taxes on stamps, land, and alcoholic spirits.
Unlike Hamilton, Jefferson wanted to
to retire the national debt by paying it down.
how did jefferson cut the national debt
he made major cuts to the army and navy
what did jefferson streamline
the government’s bureaucracy,
what did jefferson benefit from
customs revenue from imports that were increased
the westward movement of American farming families did what to the sale of federal land
it increased it
what did the Democratic Republicans hate
hated the Federalist displays of wealth as an aristocratic threat to the republic.
how was jefferson described
-friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to
-having or showing a lack of courtesy;
Why was Jefferson’s victory in the election of 1800 considered a “revolution”?
Because he changed the way the president acts and how he is viewed
who was the last minute apointee by the out going president john adams
Marshal
in marshals 35 years what did he participate in
more than 1,000 court decisions, writing over half of them—more than any other Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history
what did marshal apply?
four of Hamilton’s principles to interpret the Constitution
what were the four principles marshel applied
judicial review
insisted that federal laws were superior to state laws.
like Hamilton, Marshall broadly interpreted LOOSE CONSTRUCTION
limitation of the state governments power to interfere with business
Marshall first asserted the power of judicial review in the case of
Marbury v. Madison
because of marshal what will the supreme court accept
that the Supreme Court will review the constitutionality of federal laws.(JUDICIAL REVIEW)
Marshall claimed a sweeping power for the Supreme Court that….
Democratic Republicans did not want that Court to have.
jefferson insisted on farm ownership because
-it was essential to the freedom of Americans for the rapidly growing population
-the nation needed twice as much land every generation to maintain farm ownership.
Jefferson wanted the United States to expand to the what?
pacific
empire was weak, and they were distracted by the war in Europe
spanish colonists
Jefferson reasoned that he could avoid war by offering to
buy New Orleans from the French.
Napoleon decided to sell all of the
Louisiana Territory
In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Jefferson obtained a vast territory extending from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
the Louisiana Territory nearly what?
doubled the size of the United States.
what did the luisianna purchase contradict
Jefferson’s constitutional principles.
the Constitution did not authorize the federal government to
buy territory from a foreign country.
In 1804, Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory, in what became known as the
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The men were guided much of the way by
a Shoshone woman, named Sacajawea, and her husband.
on the expidition what did they create
maps of the territory
what did they study
plants and animals and added them to books
on the expidition They made peace with
native americans along the way
where did the missury river empty
pacific ocean
what did jefferson call his view of the election
a revolution
Jefferson spent government money to explore the
new land
Which new states were formed after the War of 1812?
alabama, illinois,mississippi, and indiana was formed
what was the war of 1812 also known as
Second war for independance
While Jefferson succeeded in his plans to expand to the west, he faced a number of significant challenges to
solidifying the stability and economy of the United States.
The Barbary States were profiting by
seizing American ships and sailors in the Mediterranean Sea.
To buy immunity from that piracy, the Washington and Adams administrations had
paid protection money to the Barbary States.
what did the ruler of Tripoli do
increased his price.
Jefferson sent the small American navy to blockade the port of Tripoli, winning a
favorable peace in 1805, concluding the Barbary War.
United States needed to expand overseas markets for
the surplus produce
what did the war in europe do
aided in this goal
British navy quickly captured
most of France’s merchant ships.
To supply food to the French colonies in the West Indies and to export their sugar, the French
turned into(disguised as) american ships
American merchants picked up cargoes in the French colonies and took them to
ports in the United States, where they unloaded them
the merchants reshipped the cargoes to France as if
they were American products.
“re-export” trade soared creating
a boom for the american economy
due to American shipyards producing hundreds of new ships what happened
it tripling the size of the nation’s merchant marine
Farmers also benefited by
selling their produce to feed French soldiers in Europe and enslaved Africans and plantation owners in the West Indies.
what were the 2 reason The British hated the re-export trade
- it helped the French economy,
- the new trade helped the United States become Britain’s greatest commercial competitor
Prosperous American merchants built new
wharves, warehouses, and mansions,
since the American merchants built new things
it boosted the construction trades in seaport cities.
britain insisted that anyone born within its empire was a
British subject for life.
But Democratic Republicans insisted that the British actions
insulted the United States and threatened the country’s economic growth.
Describe Jefferson’s foreign policy response to British impressment of American sailors.
the embargo bankrupted American merchants, threw American sailors out of work, and hurt farmers, who could no longer export their crops.
Jefferson balked at the high cost of
building a bigger navy, which would undermine his policies of reducing the national debt and keeping taxes low.
The United States lacked a navy large enough to
challenge the British fleet.
He also worried that a large military would become
a threat to the Republic.
Jefferson persuaded Congress to declare an
embargo
British found other markets in
South America.
who did the embargo hurt
American merchants, threw American sailors out of work, and hurt farmers, who could no longer export their crops.
Federalists gained support in the
northern states, especially in New England.
embargo had caused his popularity
lag
what were the cause of the war of 1812
western expansion,
relations with American Indians,
and territorial control of North America.
what were the effect of the war
1.After the war, American nationalism surged.
2.People felt confident in the strength of the republic
3.ended most American Indian resistance to American expansion
key events in the war
2.British forces invaded the U.S. in mass, NY Maryland, Washington, D.C., and New Orleans
2.American navy performed well, capturing four British ships
