Endocrine system study guide

Question 1

oxytocin

Answer 1

1. released by the posterior pituitary
2. stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the flow of breastfeeding

Question 2

estrogen

Answer 2

Female sex hormone

Question 3

GH

Answer 3

1. a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
2. stimulates the growth of bones

Question 3

testosterone

Answer 3

Male sex hormone

Question 4

Prolactin

Answer 4

hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain(milk production)

Question 5

Calcitonin

Answer 5

lowers blood calcium levels

Question 6

Thyroxine

Answer 6

1.aka thyroid hormone
2. produced and secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland
3.targets all cells in the body
4. increases overall body metabolism

Question 7

epinephrine

Answer 7

1. adrenaline; activates the sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster
2. Stopping digestion, enlarging pupils,
3. sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster

Question 7

insulin

Answer 7

1.protein hormone secreted by the pancreas
2. regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues

Question 8

glucagon

Answer 8

1. protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells
2. raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin

Question 9

pituitary gland

Answer 9

1.endocrine systems most influential gland
2. under the influence of the hypothalamus
3.pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Question 10

hypothalamus

Answer 10

brain region controlling the pituitary gland

Question 11

thyroid gland

Answer 11

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 12

pancreas

Answer 12

secretes hormones, insulin, and glucagon

Question 13

adrenal glands

Answer 13

a pair of endocrine glands that sit above kidneys
2.secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 14

difrence between exocrine and endocrine glands with example

Answer 14

exocrine : secrete substances through ducts onto the body surface or into a body cavity ex. sweat gland

endocrine : secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream ex. thyroid gland

Question 15

diffrence between lipid and water soluble hormones

Answer 15

lipid soluble ex. steroids pass directly through the membrane and bind to receptors in target cells

water soluble cant pass through, binds to receptors on surface

Question 16

5 functions of the endocrine system

Answer 16

tissue development
ion regulation
water balance
control of reproductive functions
regulates rate of metabolism

Question 17

2 things that happen to the endocrine system as the body ages

Answer 17

decline production of gh
kidneys secrete less