5.5 & 5.6 U.S History Test Flashcards
what is the Tariff of 1816?
Tax on imported goods to protect American
industry
what is the labor union?
Groups of workers united for better pay/conditions
what is capital?
Money needed to build factories and productive assets
what is the cotton gin?
Machine that efficiently separated cotton seeds from fiber
what is a nativist?
a person who favors native-born inhabitants over
immigrants
what is Nationalism?
a strong feeling of devotion to a country, or nation
what was the american system?
Federal program designed to stimulate the economy with internal improvements to create a self sufficiant nation
who was Henry Clay?
- aka: the great compromiser
- creater of the American system
3.kentucky politician
what was the adam onis treaty?
- 1819 treaty that ended spanish claims
- gave florida to the U.S
who was John Quincy Adams?
- 6th president
2.james monroes former secretary of state - helped reduce the nations tension by promoting national expansion
what was the missouri compromise?
- in 1820
- allowed missouri to enter the union as a slave state even though it past the 36 30 latitude line
what was the monroe doctrine?
- set by pres. Monroe
2.discouraged european intervention in western hemisphere
what was the 36 30 latitude line?
it was the line that seperated the north and south by slave and non slave states
what were the Changes in Northern Work Life
● Shift from skilled craftwork to factory labor
● Declining wages for artisans
● Rise of labor unions and worker organizations
● Introduction of 10-12 hour workdays
● Growth of urban working class
what was the The New Middle Class
● Expansion of professional jobs: bankers, lawyers, clerks
● Emergence of suburban living
● Separation of work and home life
● New gender roles: men as breadwinners, women as
homemakers
● Class-based neighborhood segregation
what was King Cotton
-Cotton production explosion
● Invention of cotton gin by Eli Whitney
how did Immigration Transform the North
● Major wave immigrants
○ Germans escaping political change
● Immigrants concentrated in Northern cities
● Provided labor force for growing industries
what were the Immigration Challenges
● Rise of nativist anti-immigrant
● Religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics
● Competition for jobs with free African Americans
● Poor living conditions in immigrant neighborhoods
● Political divisions along ethnic lines
what were the effects of king cotton
● Expansion of farmland into new Southern territories
● Growing demand from Northern and European factories
● Cotton becomes America’s leading export
Why Did Industry Grow in the North?
● Access to more investment capital
● Abundant water power from fast-flowing rivers
● Large supply of available workers
● Protection from foreign competition through tariffs
● Limited access to British goods during War of 1812 sparked
domestic production
how did Slavery Expand with Cotton
● Enslaved population grows from 1.5M (1820) to 4M (1860)
● Value of enslaved people triples from $600 to $1,800
● Interstate slave trade replaces international trade (no longer
from Africa)
● Slavery becomes more deeply entrenched
● Cotton production requires extensive labor
what was the plantation society
● Only 25% of white men owned slaves
● Most slaveholders owned fewer than 10 slaves
● 3,000 large planters owned 100+ slaves
● Dispersed rural population
● Limited educational opportunities
what was the Southern Economic Structure
● Dominance of plantation agriculture
● Limited urban development
● Lack of industrial diversity
● Dependence on single crop (cotton)
● Restricted consumer market
North vs South Population 1850
● North had twice the free population of South
● Immigration concentrated in North
● South lacked urban centers
● Only New Orleans ranked among top 15 U.S. cities
● Growing political power imbalance
