6.4 study guide history Flashcards
Second Great
Awakening -leaders
● Protestant
Preachers
● Charles Grandison
Finney
● Lyman Beecher
Utopian
Communities leaders
● Robert
Owen
● George
Ripley
The
Transcendentalism leaders
● Ralph Waldo Emerson
● Henry David Thoreau
Public Education
● Horace Mann - leader
● Catherine Beecher
● Emma Willard
The Temperance
Movement leaders
● Neal Dow
● Women’s groups
Reform
Prisons leaders
● Dorothea Dix
Second Great
Awakening -
Protestant
Revivalists -goal of reform
● Wanted to revive/re-energize, the role of religion in America
● Focus on spiritual self-improvement
Utopian
Communities goal of reform
● To improve their lives in a unique way
● Aspired to be perfect communities
● bring forth virtue in their members and inspire those outside their communities
The
Transcendentalism goal of reform
● Believed that people could transcend, or go
beyond logic or tradition to reach the deepest truths
● They believed individuals
should listen to nature and their consciences instead of religious
doctrines ( no
religion, no
Bible)
Public Education goal of reform
● Expanding education would allow Americans the knowledge and intellectual tools they needed
● Promote economic growth by supplying educated workers and help keep the wealthy,
educated people from oppressing the uneducated poor
● Establish a system of tax-supported public schools
Reforming
Prisons goal of reform
● The creation
of hospitals
for the
mentally ill
● Raise the
fallen, secure
the desolate,
restore the
outcast, and
defend the
helpless
● To make
prisoners
feel sorrow
for their
crimes
The Temperance
Movement goal of reform
● End alcohol abuse
and the problems tha
come with it
● Stop the sale of
alcohol
Second Great
Awakening -
Protestant
Revivalists Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● Encouraged the
idea that people
could improve
themselves and
their souls
● Church
membership
skyrocketed
● Encouraged
Americans to
improve society
● Outdoor services
known as revivals
or camp meetings
that lasted for as
long as a week
● Successful reform
Utopian
Communities Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● No children
● setting up communities based on unusual ways of sharing property, labor, and family life
● Brook Farm lasted 6 years, New Harmony lasted 2 years, and most of the
communities were short-lived
(fell victim
to laziness,
selfishness
, and
quarreling)
● Failure
The
Transcendentalism Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● Sermons, essays,
and poems help
spread the
reform.
● Gathered men
and women, and
talked about
ways to develop
rich spiritual life
for individuals
and society.
● Success or
failure is
determined by
the individual
Public Education Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● Creation of the state board of education
● Established training to create a body of
well-educated, professional teachers
● Although the movement faced
resistance, the movement was successful
Reforming
Prisons Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● Her movement was successful and the first modern mental hospitals were created
● Auburn Prison system had prisoners
working with one another in strict silence, then at night they slept inseparate cells
● Many American prisons followed the
Auburn model
The Temperance
Movement Tactics
used/How
Did They
Reform?
AND
What
Changed?
● Warned that wasting
money on alcohol
prevented people from
buying food for their
families
● Argued that it led to
violence and crime
● Many women joined
the campaign
● Held meetings where
people pledged to
refrain from drinking
alcohol
● Had successes when
reformers won
changes in the law
● This led to many state
restricting the sale of
alcohol (Maine).
