Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Urology Drugs - Werner > Flashcards

Urology Drugs - Werner Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important drugs and substances that are ACTIVELY secreted in the PCT?

A

acids - probenicide, sulphinpyrazone

bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does probenicide compete with in the PCT?

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does sulphinpyrazone compete with in the PCT?

A

uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of drugs do carnivores have delayed elimination of?

A

low pKa drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What chemicals have an effect on mesangial cells?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide - relax
sympathetic - contract
angiotensin 2 - constrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do carboanydrase inhibitors do?

A

increase excretion of bicarbonate with accompanying Na, K, and H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are carboanhydrase drugs used to treat?

A

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of carboanhydrase inhibitor?

A

acetazolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of carboanhydrase on the urine?

A

mild alkaline urine –> metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What part of the nephron is responsible for the countercurrent system?

A

loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What parts of the loop of henle are water permeable?

A

descending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most powerful diuretic drugs?

A

loop diuretics - furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA of loop diuretic drugs?

A

inhibit Na/K/Cl carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does loop diuretic drugs cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

increased Na in DT –> increased loss of H and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other molecules does loop diuretics affect?

A

increased loss of Ca and Mg, decreased loss of uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the pharmacokinetic aspects of loop diuretics?

A

readily absorbed from GI, strongly protein bound, metabolized in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the SE of loop diuretics?

A

hypokalemia (and metabolic alkalosis, hypovolemia, hypotension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in the distal tubule?

A

active Na/Cl transport (dilution)
excretion of H and K (by Na/K pump)
calcium excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 thiazide diuretics?

A

chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the MOA of chlorothiazide?

A

blocks Na/Cl symport in DT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What other molecules does thiazide drugs effect?

A

K loss, excretion of uric acid and Ca decreased, excretion of Mg increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the extra-renal effects of thiazide drugs?

A

vasodilation, hyperglycemia, reduce bone loss

23
Q

What happens when thiazide drugs are used in hypertensive states?

A

initial fall in BP = increase in urine volume

later phase = direct action on BV

24
Q

What are the clinical uses for thiazide diuretics?

A

hypertension, mild HF, central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

25
Q

What are the renal SE of thiazides?

A

hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, increased uric acid in plasma

26
Q

What are the non renal SE of thiazides?

A

hyperglycemia, increased plasma cholesterol, male impotence, hypersensitivity rxns

27
Q

What do thiazide diuretics compete with to be excreted in the kidney?

A

uric acid

28
Q

What do the principal cells reabsorb in the CD? What do they secrete?

A

Absorb: Na
Secrete: K

29
Q

What do the intercalated cells do in the CD?

A

secrete H

30
Q

What influences Na/Cl absorption in the CD?

A

aldosterone

31
Q

What influences water reabsorption in the CD?

A

ADH/vasopressin

32
Q

What is the quick effect of aldosterone on the CD?

A

stimulation of Na/H exchanger (membrane receptors)

33
Q

What is the delayed effect of aldosterone on the CD?

A

cell receptors –>proteins that activate sodium channels

34
Q

What drugs block the delayed effect of aldosterone in the CD?

A

amiloride and triamterene

35
Q

What diuretic is a aldosterone receptor antagonist?

A

spironolactone

36
Q

What increases the diuretic effect of K sparing diuretics?

A

high sodium load or aldosterone is high

37
Q

What are the 2 clinical uses of K sparing diuretics?

A

increase K secondary to CHF

edema and ascites

38
Q

What is the active metabolite of spironolactone?

A

canrenone - long half life

39
Q

What are the SE of spironolactone?

A

GI, hyperkalemia, gynaecomastia, menstral, testicular, peptic ulcers

40
Q

Which is more poorly absorbed? triamterene or amiloride?

A

amiloride

41
Q

What do PGE2 and PGI2 influence on hemodynamics?

A

vasodilation in response to AG2 and norepinephrine mediated vasoconstriction

42
Q

What influence does PGE2 and PGI2 have on renal control of NaCl and water?

A

increase renal blood flow and natriuresis(excretion of sodium)

43
Q

What are the clinical indications of osmotic diuretics?

A

intracranial and intraocular pressure

prevention of acute renal failure

44
Q

What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics?

A

transient expansion of ECF

45
Q

What receptor does telmisartan bind to?

A

AT1 receptors

46
Q

What kind of molecule is telmisartan?

A

lipophilic weak acid, binds reversibly

47
Q

What drug can treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

finasteride

48
Q

What types of drugs should be used for acute prostatitis?

A 
basic drugs (erythro, trimetho)
lipophilic drugs (flouro, chloram, TMPS)
49
Q

What types of antibiotics should be used for cystitis?

A

small spectrum, cidal

50
Q

What drugs have a effect on the bladder for incontinence?

A

parasympathicolytics, sympathomimetics

51
Q

What types of drugs will have effects on the spincter of the bladder for incontinence?

A

smpathomimetics, oestrogens

52
Q

What can treat urethral hypertonicity?

A

phenoxybenzamine, prazosine, diazepam, dantrolene

53
Q

What is another name for urethral hypertonicity?

A

detrussor-urethral dyssynergia

Pharmacology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions