Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 drugs can be used more effectively to TX Aspergillosis locally in dogs? (TQ)

A

Enilconazole

Clotrimazole

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2
Q

What are the 3 systemic imidazoles?

A

Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole

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3
Q

What is the major S.E. of imidazoles?

A

Inhibits CYP450

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4
Q

Which drugs can be used to locally TX Guttural Pouch Mycosis in equines?

A

Thiobendazole
Nystatin
Enilconazole

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5
Q

Anti-tussives should only be used when?

A

Only w/ severe NON-PRODUCTIVE cough

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6
Q

What are the opioids used as anti-tussives?

A

Codeine
Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
Dextromethorphan

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7
Q

Which opioids have limited S.E.?

A

Codeine

Hydrocodone

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8
Q

Anti-tussive w/ low potency & weak CNS suppression. Used in horses & cattle (TQ)

A

Dextromethorphan

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9
Q

Which drug has beneficial effects in horses (BAL procedure)?

A

Butorphanol

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10
Q

How does Acetylcystiene modify airway mucus?

A

Breaks up by disrupting disulphydryl bonds

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11
Q

A _____ of respiratory lumen will lead to an increase of resistance. (TQ)

A

Decrease

diameter/2 = resistance*16

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12
Q

What 3 classes of drugs can you use to modify airway resistance? (TQ)

A

ACH M3 ANTagonists
Beta 2 agonists
PDE-inhibitors

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13
Q

What 4 drugs can be used to stimulate respiration?

A

Crotethemaide
Lobeline
Doxapram
Etamiphylline

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14
Q

What 3 drugs can be used to suppress the cough reflex?

A

Codeine phosphate
Hydrocodone
Dihydrocodone

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15
Q

What 4 drugs can be used to modify airway mucus consistency?

A

N-acetylcystein
Bromhexine
Ambroxol
Dembrexine

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16
Q

What 2 drugs are stimulating expectorants?

A

Guajacol

Guaifenisine

17
Q

What 3 drugs are reflex expectorants?

A

Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Potassium iodide

18
Q

What is a non-specific anticholingeric drug used to modify airway resistance?

A

Atropine

(ER only)

19
Q

What anticholingeric can be used to evaluate responsiveness in COPD?

A

Butylscopolamine

20
Q

Which 3 anticholingeric drugs can you administer per inhalation? (stays local & don’t need [high])

A

Ipratropium bromide
Oxitropium bromide
Tiotropium bromide

21
Q

What are the 3 effects of beta 2 agonists binding to the G-protein coupled receptor? (know)

A
  1. activates adenylate cyclase
  2. incr. cAMP production
  3. activates of PKA
  4. bronchoDILATION
22
Q

What are the 3 Beta-2 agonists used to modify airway resistance? (know)

A

Clenbuterol
Salbutamol
Albuterol

23
Q

Which alpha1- adrenergic decongestant causes reflex vasoDILATION?

A

Phenylephrine

24
Q

What are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors used to modify airway resistance?

A

Xanthine
Methylxanthine
Theophylline (most used clinically)

25
Q

MOA of Theophylline.

A

Believed to inhibit PDE–> incr. cAMP–> incr. mucociliary clearance

26
Q

Never give NSAIDs under what conditions?

A

Acute severe bronchoconstriction –> DEATH

Asthma (aspirin induced asthma)

27
Q

What are the 2 mast cell stabilizers? (TQ)

A

Sodium cromoglicate

Nedocromil sodium

28
Q

What are the 4 ways glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation & inhibit mediator release?

A

stabilize membranes
reduce mucosal edema
suppress immune rxns
sensitize smooth mm. to Beta adrenergic drugs

29
Q

Don’t combine expectorants w/ what?

A

Alpha adrenergics (decrease secretions)

30
Q

What are the 3 classes of drugs commonly used as bronchoDILATORS? (TQ)

A

Xanthine derivatives
Anticholinergics
Beta agonists

31
Q

4 steps to bronchoCONSTRICTION via Ach M3 Activation. (TQ)

A
  1. PIP2 —> IP3 & DAG by PhosphoLIPASE C
  2. DAG= activates phosphoKINASE C
  3. IP3= Ca release & Calmodulin complexes
  4. smooth mm. contraction