Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

What 2 drugs can be used more effectively to TX Aspergillosis locally in dogs? (TQ)

Answer 1

Enilconazole

Clotrimazole

Question 2

What are the 3 systemic imidazoles?

Answer 2

Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole

Question 3

What is the major S.E. of imidazoles?

Answer 3

Inhibits CYP450

Question 4

Which drugs can be used to locally TX Guttural Pouch Mycosis in equines?

Answer 4

Thiobendazole
Nystatin
Enilconazole

Question 5

Anti-tussives should only be used when?

Answer 5

Only w/ severe NON-PRODUCTIVE cough

Question 6

What are the opioids used as anti-tussives?

Answer 6

Codeine
Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
Dextromethorphan

Question 7

Which opioids have limited S.E.?

Answer 7

Codeine

Hydrocodone

Question 8

Anti-tussive w/ low potency & weak CNS suppression. Used in horses & cattle (TQ)

Answer 8

Dextromethorphan

Question 9

Which drug has beneficial effects in horses (BAL procedure)?

Answer 9

Butorphanol

Question 10

How does Acetylcystiene modify airway mucus?

Answer 10

Breaks up by disrupting disulphydryl bonds

Question 11

A _____ of respiratory lumen will lead to an increase of resistance. (TQ)

Answer 11

Decrease

diameter/2 = resistance*16

Question 12

What 3 classes of drugs can you use to modify airway resistance? (TQ)

Answer 12

ACH M3 ANTagonists
Beta 2 agonists
PDE-inhibitors

Question 13

What 4 drugs can be used to stimulate respiration?

Answer 13

Crotethemaide
Lobeline
Doxapram
Etamiphylline

Question 14

What 3 drugs can be used to suppress the cough reflex?

Answer 14

Codeine phosphate
Hydrocodone
Dihydrocodone

Question 15

What 4 drugs can be used to modify airway mucus consistency?

Answer 15

N-acetylcystein
Bromhexine
Ambroxol
Dembrexine

Question 16

What 2 drugs are stimulating expectorants?

Answer 16

Guajacol

Guaifenisine

Question 17

What 3 drugs are reflex expectorants?

Answer 17

Ammonium carbonate
Ammonium chloride
Potassium iodide

Question 18

What is a non-specific anticholingeric drug used to modify airway resistance?

Answer 18

Atropine

(ER only)

Question 19

What anticholingeric can be used to evaluate responsiveness in COPD?

Answer 19

Butylscopolamine

Question 20

Which 3 anticholingeric drugs can you administer per inhalation? (stays local & don’t need [high])

Answer 20

Ipratropium bromide
Oxitropium bromide
Tiotropium bromide

Question 21

What are the 3 effects of beta 2 agonists binding to the G-protein coupled receptor? (know)

Answer 21

1. activates adenylate cyclase
2. incr. cAMP production
3. activates of PKA
4. bronchoDILATION

Question 22

What are the 3 Beta-2 agonists used to modify airway resistance? (know)

Answer 22

Clenbuterol
Salbutamol
Albuterol

Question 23

Which alpha1- adrenergic decongestant causes reflex vasoDILATION?

Answer 23

Phenylephrine

Question 24

What are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors used to modify airway resistance?

Answer 24

Xanthine
Methylxanthine
Theophylline (most used clinically)

Question 25

MOA of Theophylline.

Answer 25

Believed to inhibit PDE--> incr. cAMP--> incr. mucociliary clearance

Question 26

Never give NSAIDs under what conditions?

Answer 26

Acute severe bronchoconstriction --> DEATH | Asthma (aspirin induced asthma)

Question 27

What are the 2 mast cell stabilizers? (TQ)

Answer 27

Sodium cromoglicate | Nedocromil sodium

Question 28

What are the 4 ways glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation & inhibit mediator release?

Answer 28

stabilize membranes reduce mucosal edema suppress immune rxns sensitize smooth mm. to Beta adrenergic drugs

Question 29

Don't combine expectorants w/ what?

Answer 29

Alpha adrenergics (decrease secretions)

Question 30

What are the 3 classes of drugs commonly used as bronchoDILATORS? (TQ)

Answer 30

Xanthine derivatives Anticholinergics Beta agonists

Question 31

4 steps to bronchoCONSTRICTION via Ach M3 Activation. (TQ)

Answer 31

1. PIP2 ---> IP3 & DAG by PhosphoLIPASE C 2. DAG= activates phosphoKINASE C 3. IP3= Ca release & Calmodulin complexes 4. smooth mm. contraction