FINAL - TS Flashcards by Tricia Spooner

What antiviral is used for pain?

Amantadine (m2 ion channel inhibitor)

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What antifungal is used for respiratory infections?

ketoconazole (imidazole)

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Which 2 antifungals do not act on membrane or cell wall?

Griseofulvine (mitotic spindles)
Pyramidine analog (DNA synthesis)

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What are the SE of polyene mycotics (amphotericin B)?

renal, endothelial irritant, hypokalemia

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What anti-fungal inhibits squalene epoxidase?

allylamines

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What antiprotozoal has CV effects in horses and guinea fowl?

polyether ionophores

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What anti-protozoal binds disulphide bridges?

arsenicals (roxarsone)

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What is the MOA of organophosphates?

irreversible inhibition of AChE

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What is the MOA of carbamates?

reversibile inhibition of AChE

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What receptors do pyrethrins and pyrethroids act on?

sodium channels, GABA, nicotinic

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What are the SE of pyrethrins and pyrethroids?

nerve and muscular disorders, dont use in cats

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How is resistance acquired against pyrethroids?

decrease in sensitivity of target site

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What receptors do macrocyclic lactones act on? (according to werner)

Glutamate, GABA, glycine

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What is the MOA of fipronil?

GABA and glutamate

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What ectoparasiticide inhibits chitin synthesis?

lufernon

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What is the MOA of amitraz? (formamidine)

inhibits MAO (also alpha 2 receptors?)

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Which diuretic has the least amount of bone loss?

thiazide diuretics

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What are the extra-renal effects of thiazide diuretics?

hyperglyemia, vasodilation

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What drug blocks AT1 receptor and is used for chronic renal failure?

Telmisartin

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What drugs can be used for the prostate?

basic and lipophilic drugs, erythromycins

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What drugs are used for incontinence on the bladder?

parasympathicolytics

sympathicomimetics (clenbuterol)

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What drugs are used for incontinence on the sphincter?

sympathomimetics

estrogens

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What drugs cause dilation of the pupil?

sympathomimetic, parasympatholytic

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What drugs cause constriction of pupil?

just parasympathomimetic

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What antifungal does not penetrate cornea?

polyene antibiotics (amphotericin B)

What drugs are combined with plasma serum to put on eye?

EDTA or acetylcysteine

What drugs act on trabecular ouflow?

muscarinic agonists

What drugs act on uveoscleral outlfow?

prostaglandin agonists

What drugs act on aqueous humor inflow?

beta 2 blockers alpha 2 agonists CAIs

What antimycotic is used for aspergillosis?

enilconazole

What is the effect of bromhexine and dembrexin?

increase mucous gland evacuation

What 4 drug groups modify airway resistance?

anticholinergics, beta 2 agonists, sympathetic amines, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

What alkylating chemotherapy drug has low BM toxicity?

cisplatin

What is the MOA of alkylating drugs?

carbonium ion --> dna synthesis

What is the MOA of plant derivative chemo drugs?

microtubule fxn

What are the SE of prostaglandin alpha 2 analogs?

colic, increased muscle tone, GI signs, retained placenta

What sulfonamide is for opthalmic use?

sulfacetamide

What are the SE of sulfonamides?

KCS, hepatic necrosis, thyroid

How are sulfonamides metabolized?

acetylation

What are the extended spectrum/anti-pseudomonal beta lactams?

ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin

What cephalosporin is distributed to CSF fluid?

Cefuroxime

What beta lactam has low immunogenic profile?

aztreonam (a monobactam)

What antibiotic drug group has neuromuscular blockade for SE?

aminoglycosides

What is the drug of choice for equine ehrlichia?

oxytetracycline

How are chloramphenicols metabolized?

glucoronidation

What is the drug of choice for campylobacter jejuni?

erythromycin

What antibiotic group inhibits translocation at the 50s subunit?

macrolides

What is the drug of choice for mycoplasma?

tiamulin

What antibiotic causes overgrowth in hind gut fermenters and is fatal?

lincosamide

What antibiotic group accumulates in macrophages?

fluoroquinolones

What are the SE of fluoroquinolones?

arthropathy, ocular, inhibits GABA

What antibiotic group results in histamine release?

vancomycin

What antibiotic group inhibits energy metabolism by blocking oxidative decarboxylation of coA?

nitrofurans

What drugs can methenamine not be used with?

sulfonamides

What antibiotic drug group is good for giardia and anaerobic bacteria?

metronidazole

What is the centrally acting emetic for dogs? cats?

dogs - apomorphine | cats - xylazine

What drug antagonizes apomorphine emesis?

metoclopramide

What drug blocks substance P emesis?

maripotant citrate

What is the contraindication of maripotant citrate?

puppies less than 11 weeks, BM

What is the most potent H2 receptor antagonist of antisecretory drugs?

famotidine

What antisecretory drug can be used in patients with acute hepatic problems?

nizatidine

What is the broadest prokinetic agent?

cisapride

What are the opiods that decrease motility?

morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, diphenoxylate, difenoxin, loperamide, paragoric

What is used for sand colic?

psyllium granules

What is lactulose used for?

saline/osmotic purgative

What contracts gall bladder by increasing SO4?

cholagogues

What is the MOA of digitalis?

Na/K ATPase

What inotropic drug increases binding of muscle to calcium?

pimobendan (also a vasodilator)

What are the characteristics of pimobendan?

antiarrythmic, inotropic, vasodilator, no effect on oxygen consumption

What vasodilator has minimal reflex tachycardia?

prazosin

What drugs are contraindicated with ace inhibitors?

NSAIDs

What do class IA antiarrythmics do?

prolong refractory shorten phase 0 also prolong AP

What is the most broad spectrum anti-arrythmic drug?

aprindine

What 2 classes prolong AP?

class 1 and 3

What class can not be used with beta blockers?

class 4 (calcium antagonists)

What kind of drug is dilitiazem?

calcium antagonist

What antiarrythmic should not be given to halogenetade anesthetics?

bretylium

What antiarrythmic drugs are used for high levels of catecholamines?

beta blockers (propranolol and metoprolol)

What is dopamine used for in the cardiovascular system?

oliguric renal failure

What is netobimin a prodrug of?

albendazole

What is the MOA of benzimidazoles?

irreversible binding to microtubulin

What antinematodal drug is a immune stimulant?

levimasole

What is anoplocephela perfoliata treated with?

pyrantel

What treats pinworms in horses?

pyrantel pamoate salt

What treats whipworms such as trichuris sp?

dichlorvos - pellets!

What is the MOA of macrocyclic lactones?

glutamate gated chloride channels - paralysis

What drug is used for screwworms?

doramectin

What is the contraindication of piperazine?

intestinal impaction of dead worms

What is the MOA of piperazine?

GABA agonist - paralysis

What drug for rumen flukes?

resorantel

What is the MOA of praziquantel?

calcium ion flux - vacuoles

What does rafoxanide treat?

immature flukes and adult flukes

What antitrematodal is injectable?

nitroxynil

What drug is effective against haemonchus contortus?

closantel

What antitrematodals are extensively PP bound?

rafoxanide and closantel

What is the MOA of diamphenethide?

amine metabolite 100% against immature flukes

What is the MOA of hydralazine and minoxidil?

opening of K+ channels in artery muscle

What vessels does nitroglycerin relax?

mostly large veins

What is the MOA of Isoxsuprine?

beta 2 agonist - dilates skeletal muscle BV

What drug is used for canine pulmonary hypertension and what is MOA?

sildenafil,, phosphodiesterase V inhibitor, inhibit cGMP degredation, relax pulmonary BV

What is the MOA of enalapril?

inhibit peptidyl dipeptidase to convert angiotension, also inhibit bradykinin degredation

What is the MOA of isoproterenol?

beta 1 and 2 agonist, emergency heart block

What is the alpha glusidase inhibitor?

acarbose

What is the gila monster drug?

xanalatide

What insulin has no peak?

glarginine

What is the MOA of azoles?

block ergosterol

What is the MOA of piperonyl butoxide?

inhibits MFO of insect

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?

inhibit Na/Cl symport

What is the MOA of distal diuretics?

inhibit Na/K exchange

FINAL - TS Flashcards

A big thanks to Kelly, Linde, and Miranda! All the stuff that I don't think ill remember but are important.