Repro Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What neurotransmitters regulate GnRH neuronal firing?

A

GABA
NE
Dopamine
Opioids/endorphins

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2
Q

What stimulates GnRH release?

A

NE

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3
Q

What reduces GnRH release?

A

Opioids (inhibit NE release) & GABA

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4
Q

When does dopamine have an inhibitory effect?

A

Non-breeding season

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5
Q

What increases GnRH pulse frequency?

A

Estrogen POSITIVE feedback

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6
Q

Which hormone slows down GnRH pulse frequency?

A

Progesterone NEGATIVE feedback –> decr. LH

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7
Q

GnRH receptors are coupled to _____ receptors.

A

Gq

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8
Q

List 6 steps in GnRH receptor signaling

A
  1. Activation of phospholipase C
  2. Generation of IP3 & DAG
  3. Mobilization of intracellular Ca
  4. Activation of PKC
  5. PKC activates MAP kinase
  6. LH & FSH synthesis & release
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9
Q

What leads to GnRH/gonadotropin receptor down regulation?

A

continuous stimulation

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10
Q

Gonadorelin is a synthetic ______ analogue.

A

GnRH

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11
Q

Indication for intermittent dosing of Gonadorelin.

A

Infertility therapy

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12
Q

Indications for continuous dosing of Gonadorelin. (TQ)

A

Chemical castration or limit estrus

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13
Q

List the 4 gonadotropins.

A

LH
FSH
hCG
eCG

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14
Q

% homology between LH & hCG. (TQ)

A

82%

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15
Q

Which subunit confers specificity (TQ)?

A

beta

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16
Q

FSH & LH are ____ coupled receptors linked to ______ ________.

A

G-protein

adenylate cyclase –> increase cAMP

17
Q

What is the gonadotrophic activity of eCG?

A

1ry- FSH-like

sufficient LH activity to induce ovulation & luteinization

18
Q

S.E. of oxytocin use in animals

A

Forceful contractions of all smooth mm. –> can induce colic, etc.

19
Q

PGF2-alpha acts on _______ receptors linked to ______.

A

Gq

IP3 & Ca activation of protein kinase C.

20
Q

4 S.E.s of prostaglandin analogs.

A
  1. incr smooth mm. tone –> diarrhea, abdominal pain, bronchoCONSTRICTION, incr. BP
  2. Small animals- vomiting
  3. Retained placenta after abortion
  4. Abortion-if handled by pregnant women
21
Q

What is the specific use of PGF2-alpha in mares?

A

TX mating induced persistent endometritis

22
Q

MOA of progesterone analogs.

A

incr. suppression of LH & FSH

acts on progesterone receptors in hypothalamus & pituitary gland

23
Q

All anabolic adrenal steroids are derived from _______.

A

Cholesterol

24
Q

In high doses, what other drugs can be used to mimic the effects of anabolic steroids?

A

Beta 2 agonists

25
Q

Clinical effects of anabolic steroids.

A

Increases: myelopoiesis, production of EPO, strength & vitality, appetite, protein production

26
Q

Steroid receptors are _____.

A

Ligand-activated

27
Q

Alkylated anabolic steriod with strong anabolic and weak androgenic effects.

A

Stanazolol

28
Q

Non-alkyalating anabolic steriod

A

Nandrolone

29
Q

4 S.E.s of Stanazolol & Nandrolone

A

Stanazolol - wt gain due to Na & H2O rentention
Hepatotoxic
Carcinogenicity
Teratogenicity

30
Q

Why would you use synthetic compounds over natural hormones?

A

If the natural hormone has a short 1/2 life