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Pharmacology > Pharm Quiz 5 - Werner TS > Flashcards

Pharm Quiz 5 - Werner TS Flashcards

repro, cancer, food safety,

1
Q

What are three things that cause uncontrolled proliferation in cancer cells?

A

growth factors
intracellular signaling pathways
telomerase expression

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2
Q

What 2 tumors is remission usually achieved?

A

malignant lymphoma and tvt

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3
Q

What type of drug forms covalent bonds with DNA and impedes replication?

A

alkylating drugs

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4
Q

What do protein kinase inhibitors do?

A

inhibition of tyrosine kinase that transduce growth signals in rapidly dividing cells

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5
Q

What are the 4 main problems associated with giving chemotherapy?

A
  1. extravasation of drug
  2. anaphylactic rxns
  3. toxic side effects
  4. acute tumor lysis syndrome
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6
Q

What can acute tumor lysis syndrome cause?

A

high uric acid, high P, high Ca, high K, acidosis –> depression, vomiting, hyperventilation

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7
Q

What can BCG (bacille calmetter guerin) be used for?

A

enhance tumor destruction, SCC

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8
Q

What are the SE of BCG?

A

local and systemic anaphylaxis

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9
Q

What is the MOA of cisplatin?

A

local denaturation of DNA

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10
Q

What are the SE of cisplatin?

A

nephrotoxic, low myelotoxicity, nausea

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11
Q

What is the MOA of methotrexate?

A

antimetabolite, folate antagonist

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12
Q

What are the SE of methotrexate?

A

bone marrow suppression, GIT irritation

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13
Q

What is the MOA of 5-flourouracil?

A

DNA inhibition

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14
Q

What is the MOA of alkylating agents?

A

formation of a carbonium ion –> intereferes with transcription and replication

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15
Q

What are the SE of alkylating agents?

A

BM, GI, sterility, cross resistance

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16
Q

What are the SE of cyclophosphamide?

A

alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis

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17
Q

What alkylating agents are in the nitrogen mustard group?

A

cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chorambucil, ifosfamide

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18
Q

What is the slowest working alkylating agent and therefore lowest chance of toxicity?

A

chlorambucil

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19
Q

What alkylating drug is a oral nitrosurea drug?

A

lomustine

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20
Q

What kind of alkylating drug is dacarbazine?

A

non classical

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21
Q

What can cytotoxic antibiotics not be combined with to avoid toxicity?

A

radiotherapy

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22
Q

What is the MOA of doxorubicin and the anthracyclines?

A

inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

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23
Q

What is the MOA of dactinomycin?

A

intercalates in DNA interfering with RNA polymerase and with action of top II

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24
Q

What is the MOA of bleomycin?

A

fragmentation of DNA chains, non dividing cells

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25
What is the MOA of L-asparaginase?
depletes intracellular stores of l asparagine --> no protein synthesis
26
What are the SE of L-asparaginase?
hypersensitivity, pacreatitis
27
What is the MOA of the plant derivitave periwinkle chemotherapy drugs? (vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine)
bind to tubulin, inhibit polymerizaton to microtubules - arrest in metaphase
28
What are the SE of plant derivatives vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine?
mild BM, parasthesia, muscle weakness
29
What are the MOA of paclitaxel and docetaxel?
stabilize microtubules in polymerized state
30
How is paclitaxel and docetaxel given?
paclitaxel - IV | docetaxel - PO
31
What are teh SE of paclitaxel and docetaxel?
serious BM, cumulative neurotoxicity, dont use in horses
32
What tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used for mast cell tumors and sarcomas in dogs and cats?
imatinib
33
What tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used for mast cell tumors in dogs only?
mastinib
34
What antibody drug combats ErbB-1 expressing tumors?
cetuximab
35
What antibody drug combats ErbB-2 expressing tumors?
trastuzumab
36
What antibody drug combats VEGFR in mastocytoma cells?
bevacizumab
37
What can cause tumors to develop glucocorticoid resistance?
induction of PgP expression
38
What drugs are helpful in perianal gland tumors?
anti-androgens
39
What drug is a selective inhibitor of estrogen receptors?
tamoxifen
40
What drugs may be useful in some mammary tumors?
anti-prostagens
41
How can a tumor develop resistance against doxorubucin?
altered activity of the target
42
How can a tumor develop resistance against alkylating agents?
rapid repair of drug induced lesions
43
What does FSH stimulate in the female?
follicular growth, LH receptors, estrogen production
44
What does LH stimulate in the female?
estrogen production, rupture of follicle, progesterone by CL
45
What does FSH stimulate in male?
protein and nutrients for sertoli cells --> sperm
46
What does LH stimulate in male?
testosterone synthesis in leydig cells
47
What G protein receptor is GnRH?
Gq
48
What are the messengers involved in GnRh receptor signaling?
Gq -->Phospho C -->IP3 + DAG --> Ca + PKC --> MAP kinase --> gene expression
49
What is the synthetic GnRH preperation?
gonadorelin
50
What kind of dosing is need for gonadorelin for infertility therapy?
intermittent dosing (mimicking physio)
51
What does continuous administration of gonadorelin do?
suppression of gonadotropin release - chemical castration/limit estrus
52
What are the 4 gonadotropins?
Lh, FSH, hCG, eCG
53
What do all the gonadotropins have in common with their structure?
glycosylated heterodimers with alpha and beta subunits
54
Which 2 gonadotropins have 82% homology?
LH and hCG
55
Which subunit of the gonadotropins confers specificity?
the beta subunit (where and how strong it will bind)
56
What feedback effect do steroid hormones have on the pituatary and hypothalamus?
negative
57
What kind of receptors are FSH and LH?
g-coupled --> adenylate cyclase -> increase cAMP (different than GnRH which is Gq)
58
What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) used for clinically? why?
induce ovulation in mares with appropriate follicle size | similar to equine LH
59
What is the difference between hCG and LH?
hCG lasts alot longer (is a glycoprotein)
60
What produces equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)?
endometrial cups to induce secondary corpora lutea
61
What are the 2 effects of eCG?
primarily FSH --> increase follicular growth | LH activity --> ovulation and luteinization
62
What is the clinical use of eCG?
ovarian follicle growth in anestrus sheep or goats, induction of estrus in pigs
63
What are the adverse effects of eCG?
immunological rxns to antibody formation, loss of efficacy
64
What molecule is oxytocin very similar to?
vasopressin
65
What transports oxytocin from the hypothalamus to pituatary?
oxytocin-neurophysin 1 complex
66
What is the natural prostaglandin produced by endometrium of farm animals?
PGF2 alpha
67
What is the MOA of PGF 2 alpha?
Gq coupled - IP3 - Ca - protein kinase C (similar to GnRH
68
What are the 2 effects of PGF 2 alpha?
steroidgenesis and luteolysis
69
What are the adverse effects of prostaglandin analogs?
contracts smooth muscle - GI, etc | retained placenta
70
What are the 3 clinical uses of prostaglandin analogs?
estrus synchronization abortion and partruition uterine contractions in mares for mating induced endometritis
71
What protein transports estrogens?
sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
72
What estrogen has low oral bioavailability because of the first pass effect?
estradiol
73
What are the effects of estrogens?
modify protein levels, reduce bone resorption, negative feedback on LH and FSH
74
What are the adverse effects of using estrogens?
breast cancer (humans), endometrial hyperplasia, uterine carcinoma
75
Why must synthetic progesterone analogs be used?
rapidly metabolized in liver, short half life of regular progesterone
76
What is the clinical use of progesterone?
induce long lasting ovarian suppression and estrus synchronization (bad behavior in mares)
77
What is the MOA of progesterone analogs?
acts on receptors in hypo and pitua, suppress LH and FSH
78
What receptors do anabolic steroids have an effect?
nuclear receptors - ligand gated transcription factors
79
What is the alkylated anabolic steroid used?
stanzolol
80
What is the non alkylated anabolic steroid?
nandrolone
81
What are the adverse effects of anabolic steroids?
weight gain, hepatotoxic, carcinogenicity
82
What are some drugs that can not be used in food producing animals?
antibiotics, diethylstilbesterol, clenbuterol, dipyrone, antiviral drugs (adamanane, neuraminidase inhibitors)
83
What are approved drugs for extralabel used in food animals?
enrofloxacin, sulfonamides, medicated feeds
84
What drug can only be used extralable in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older?
phenylbutazone

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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