Pharm Quiz 5 - Werner TS Flashcards
repro, cancer, food safety,
What are three things that cause uncontrolled proliferation in cancer cells?
growth factors
intracellular signaling pathways
telomerase expression
What 2 tumors is remission usually achieved?
malignant lymphoma and tvt
What type of drug forms covalent bonds with DNA and impedes replication?
alkylating drugs
What do protein kinase inhibitors do?
inhibition of tyrosine kinase that transduce growth signals in rapidly dividing cells
What are the 4 main problems associated with giving chemotherapy?
- extravasation of drug
- anaphylactic rxns
- toxic side effects
- acute tumor lysis syndrome
What can acute tumor lysis syndrome cause?
high uric acid, high P, high Ca, high K, acidosis –> depression, vomiting, hyperventilation
What can BCG (bacille calmetter guerin) be used for?
enhance tumor destruction, SCC
What are the SE of BCG?
local and systemic anaphylaxis
What is the MOA of cisplatin?
local denaturation of DNA
What are the SE of cisplatin?
nephrotoxic, low myelotoxicity, nausea
What is the MOA of methotrexate?
antimetabolite, folate antagonist
What are the SE of methotrexate?
bone marrow suppression, GIT irritation
What is the MOA of 5-flourouracil?
DNA inhibition
What is the MOA of alkylating agents?
formation of a carbonium ion –> intereferes with transcription and replication
What are the SE of alkylating agents?
BM, GI, sterility, cross resistance
What are the SE of cyclophosphamide?
alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis
What alkylating agents are in the nitrogen mustard group?
cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chorambucil, ifosfamide
What is the slowest working alkylating agent and therefore lowest chance of toxicity?
chlorambucil
What alkylating drug is a oral nitrosurea drug?
lomustine
What kind of alkylating drug is dacarbazine?
non classical
What can cytotoxic antibiotics not be combined with to avoid toxicity?
radiotherapy
What is the MOA of doxorubicin and the anthracyclines?
inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
What is the MOA of dactinomycin?
intercalates in DNA interfering with RNA polymerase and with action of top II
What is the MOA of bleomycin?
fragmentation of DNA chains, non dividing cells
What is the MOA of L-asparaginase?
depletes intracellular stores of l asparagine –> no protein synthesis
What are the SE of L-asparaginase?
hypersensitivity, pacreatitis
What is the MOA of the plant derivitave periwinkle chemotherapy drugs? (vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine)
bind to tubulin, inhibit polymerizaton to microtubules - arrest in metaphase
What are the SE of plant derivatives vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine?
mild BM, parasthesia, muscle weakness
What are the MOA of paclitaxel and docetaxel?
stabilize microtubules in polymerized state
How is paclitaxel and docetaxel given?
paclitaxel - IV
docetaxel - PO
What are teh SE of paclitaxel and docetaxel?
serious BM, cumulative neurotoxicity, dont use in horses
What tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used for mast cell tumors and sarcomas in dogs and cats?
imatinib
What tyrosine kinase inhibitor is used for mast cell tumors in dogs only?
mastinib