Kumar Final Review - GI - AH Flashcards
Appetite stimulants/ suppressants
Stim – GABA, Supres – Serotonin
MOA of Dirlotapide?
Selective inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
What is another name for Dirlotapide?
Slentrol
Centrally acting Emetic drug?
Apomophine Hydrochloride – dogs only
What are the classes of anti-emetic drugs acting on the CTZ?
Butyrophenone derivatives, Peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists, NK-1 receptor blockers
What drugs are in the Buyrophenoone derivatives category?
Halperidol, Droperidol
What drugs are in the peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists group?
Cyproheptadine, Ondansetron
Which anti-emetic can be used to treat Chemotherapeutic related emesis?
Ondansetron
What drug is a NK-1 receptor blocker?
Maropitant Citrate (Cerenia)
What is the MOA of Maropitant Citrate?
Blocks substance P mediated neurotransmission
What are the targets for anti-secretory anti-ulcer drugs?
H2 receptor antagonists (Famotidine and Nizatindine) Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole) Prostaglandins (Misoprotol)
Which of the H2 antagonists is more potent?
Famotidine
How is Nazatindine eliminated and who does that help?
Eliminated by kidneys → better for liver Dz patients
MOA of Omeprazole
Irreversibly inhibits H/K -ATPase proton pump
Adverse reactions of Omeprazole?
Suppression of the acid barrier → Bact. Entry, aspiration pneumonia, hypergastrinemia, inhibit CP450 –> interferes with metabolism of certain drugs
Which antacid can be used as a systemic cytoprotective drug?
Sodium Bicarbonate
Prostaglandin E1cytoprotective drug?
Misoprostal
What does aluminum sucrose sulfate need to work?
Acidic environment. Antacid → no cytoprotective activation
What part of bismuth subsalicylate absorbs toxins and what part decreases intestinal secretions (diarrhea)
Bismuth – absorbs toxins, Salicylate – decreases intestinal secretions
List the prokinetic drugs increasing GI motility
Bethanechol, metoclopramide, Cisapride, Domperidone
MOA of Bethanechol?
Cholinergic agonist → enhances amplitude of contractions through the GIT
Classes of drugs that decrease GI motility?
Anti-cholinergic agents, Opiods, Meperidine Congeners
List the anti-cholinergic agonists that decrease GI motility
Atropine, Glycopyrrolate
List the Opiods that decrease GI motility
Morphine, Meperidine (also improves sphincter tone → do not use in diarrhea from bact. Infections
List the Meperidine congeners
Diphenoxylate (lomotil), Loperamide (immodium), Difenoxin, Paregoric
GI protecting and Absorbents
Koalin and Pectin, Bismuth Subsalicylate, Activated Charcoal, cholestyramine
What do you use activated charcoal for?
ER Tx of poisoning – admin saline laxative 30-45 mins after tx to flush
Which GI protectant is a basic anion exchange resin?
Cholestyramine
Emollient laxitives
Mineral Oil and Docusate Sodium
Bulk forming laxatives
Psyllium Granules
Saline Purgatives (osmotic cathartics)
Magnesium sulphate, Sodium Sulfate, Magnesium Hydroxide, Mannitol and sorbitol, Lactulose
Irritant cathartics?
Castor Oil and Anthraquinone Purgatives
what can be used to treat sand colic in horses?
Psyllium Granules
What does castor oil get degraded into by enzymes?
Emolline
Tx for retention enemas?
4% solution acetylcysteine
Tx for Meconium retention
Docusate sodium, Mineral oil
Drugs affecting the liver
Cholagogues (magnesium sulfate) and Choleretics ( Glycocholate, Taurocholate, UDCA)
MOA of cholagogues?
Contracts the gall bladder via release of CCK
MOA of Choleretics?
Increases bile secretion
Drugs to treat frothy bloat
Dimeticon, Poloxalene
