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Pharmacology > Kumar Final Review - GI - AH > Flashcards

Kumar Final Review - GI - AH Flashcards

1
Q

Appetite stimulants/ suppressants

A

Stim – GABA, Supres – Serotonin

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2
Q

MOA of Dirlotapide?

A

Selective inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

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3
Q

What is another name for Dirlotapide?

A

Slentrol

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4
Q

Centrally acting Emetic drug?

A

Apomophine Hydrochloride – dogs only

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5
Q

What are the classes of anti-emetic drugs acting on the CTZ?

A

Butyrophenone derivatives, Peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists, NK-1 receptor blockers

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6
Q

What drugs are in the Buyrophenoone derivatives category?

A

Halperidol, Droperidol

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7
Q

What drugs are in the peripheral 5HT3 serotonin antagonists group?

A

Cyproheptadine, Ondansetron

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8
Q

Which anti-emetic can be used to treat Chemotherapeutic related emesis?

A

Ondansetron

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9
Q

What drug is a NK-1 receptor blocker?

A

Maropitant Citrate (Cerenia)

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Maropitant Citrate?

A

Blocks substance P mediated neurotransmission

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11
Q

What are the targets for anti-secretory anti-ulcer drugs?

A

H2 receptor antagonists (Famotidine and Nizatindine) Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole) Prostaglandins (Misoprotol)

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12
Q

Which of the H2 antagonists is more potent?

A

Famotidine

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13
Q

How is Nazatindine eliminated and who does that help?

A

Eliminated by kidneys → better for liver Dz patients

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14
Q

MOA of Omeprazole

A

Irreversibly inhibits H/K -ATPase proton pump

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15
Q

Adverse reactions of Omeprazole?

A

Suppression of the acid barrier → Bact. Entry, aspiration pneumonia, hypergastrinemia, inhibit CP450 –> interferes with metabolism of certain drugs

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16
Q

Which antacid can be used as a systemic cytoprotective drug?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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17
Q

Prostaglandin E1cytoprotective drug?

A

Misoprostal

18
Q

What does aluminum sucrose sulfate need to work?

A

Acidic environment. Antacid → no cytoprotective activation

19
Q

What part of bismuth subsalicylate absorbs toxins and what part decreases intestinal secretions (diarrhea)

A

Bismuth – absorbs toxins, Salicylate – decreases intestinal secretions

20
Q

List the prokinetic drugs increasing GI motility

A

Bethanechol, metoclopramide, Cisapride, Domperidone

21
Q

MOA of Bethanechol?

A

Cholinergic agonist → enhances amplitude of contractions through the GIT

22
Q

Classes of drugs that decrease GI motility?

A

Anti-cholinergic agents, Opiods, Meperidine Congeners

23
Q

List the anti-cholinergic agonists that decrease GI motility

A

Atropine, Glycopyrrolate

24
Q

List the Opiods that decrease GI motility

A

Morphine, Meperidine (also improves sphincter tone → do not use in diarrhea from bact. Infections

25
Q

List the Meperidine congeners

A

Diphenoxylate (lomotil), Loperamide (immodium), Difenoxin, Paregoric

26
Q

GI protecting and Absorbents

A

Koalin and Pectin, Bismuth Subsalicylate, Activated Charcoal, cholestyramine

27
Q

What do you use activated charcoal for?

A

ER Tx of poisoning – admin saline laxative 30-45 mins after tx to flush

28
Q

Which GI protectant is a basic anion exchange resin?

A

Cholestyramine

29
Q

Emollient laxitives

A

Mineral Oil and Docusate Sodium

30
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

Psyllium Granules

31
Q

Saline Purgatives (osmotic cathartics)

A

Magnesium sulphate, Sodium Sulfate, Magnesium Hydroxide, Mannitol and sorbitol, Lactulose

32
Q

Irritant cathartics?

A

Castor Oil and Anthraquinone Purgatives

33
Q

what can be used to treat sand colic in horses?

A

Psyllium Granules

34
Q

What does castor oil get degraded into by enzymes?

A

Emolline

35
Q

Tx for retention enemas?

A

4% solution acetylcysteine

36
Q

Tx for Meconium retention

A

Docusate sodium, Mineral oil

37
Q

Drugs affecting the liver

A

Cholagogues (magnesium sulfate) and Choleretics ( Glycocholate, Taurocholate, UDCA)

38
Q

MOA of cholagogues?

A

Contracts the gall bladder via release of CCK

39
Q

MOA of Choleretics?

A

Increases bile secretion

40
Q

Drugs to treat frothy bloat

A

Dimeticon, Poloxalene

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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