Urology

Question 1

Tender, boggy prostate gland with lower urinary tract symptoms is indicative of what?

Answer 1

Acute bacterial prostatitis

Question 2

Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist that increases bladder muscle activity, therefore used to treat?

Answer 2

Urinary retention

Question 3

What % of the population is affected by urinary incontinence?

Answer 3

4-5%

Question 4

What are the risk fqctors of urinary incontinence

Answer 4

Advancing age, pregnancy and childbirth, high BMI, hysterectomy, family history.

Question 5

What is urge incontinence?

Answer 5

Where there is a sudden and strong need to urinate, due to detrusor muscle overactivity

Question 6

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 6

Unexpected leakage of urine caused by pressure or sudden muscle contractions on the bladder e.g. Coughing or laughing

Question 7

What is urge incontinence?

Answer 7

Both urge and stress incontinence mixed

Question 8

What is overflow incontinence ?

Answer 8

Incontinence due to bladder outlet obstruction e.g. Due to prostate enlargement

Question 9

What are the investigations for incontinence

Answer 9

Bladder diaries for 3days, vaginal exam to check for prolapse and pelvic floor muscle contractions, urine dipstick and culture

Question 10

What is management for urge incontinence?

Answer 10

Bladder retraining, bladder stabilising drugs: antimuscarinics like oxybutynin (not frail older women) or tolterodine or darifenacin

Question 11

What is treatment for stress incontinence ?

Answer 11

Pelvic floor muscke training 8contractions 3 tines a day for 3months
Surgical proceedures e.g. Retropubic mid-urethral tape proceedures