Gyneacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is lichen sclerosus?

A

Itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women, can spread to the inner thigh. Treated with topical steroids and emollients

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2
Q

What are the types of ovarian cyst?

A

Physiological cysts e.g. follicular/ corpus luteum cyst
Benign germ cell tumors e.g. dermoid cyst( teratoma)
Benign epithelial tumours e.g. serous cystadenoms and mucinus cystadenoma

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3
Q

Bacterial vaginitis is characterized as outgrowth of what type of bacteria?

A

Anaerobes. Treat with metronidazole.

It is a common cause of vaginal discharge and is not considered to be a sexually transmitted infection.

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4
Q

What are the missed pill rules for progesterone only pill?

A

Less than 3 hours late - take pill now, no other action required
Over 3 hours late- take missed pill now and advise condom use until pill taking is established for 48hours

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5
Q

What to advise if patient is late taking the non-traditional progesterone only pill?

A

If less than 12 hours late take pill and no further action required
If over 12 hours take missed pill now and advise using condoms until pill taking reestablished for 48 hours

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6
Q

What factors increase risk of ovarian cancer?

A

Subfertility, early menarche

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7
Q

BRCA 1 gene mutation carriers have what percentage risk of developing ovarian cancer?

A

60%

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8
Q

What are common symptoms of ovarian cancer?

A

Abdominal distension, alteration in bladder habit, no symptoms

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9
Q

What is treatment for stage 3 ovarian cancer?

A

Platinum based chemotherapy and surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes and omentum

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10
Q

What to test woman with ovarian cyst with if you need to rule out cancer?

A

Serum Ca 125
MRI scan
Ultrasound scan

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11
Q

poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are cool beans teatment for qhat cancers?

A

BRCA positive ovarian cancer

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12
Q

Levator ani muscles are innervated by what?

A

S2, 3, 4 keeps the shit off the floor!

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13
Q

What is treatment for stress urinary incontinence?

A

Tension free vaginal tape and pelvic floor exercises

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14
Q

What medications can cause hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Verapamil
Tramadol
Thioxanthenes

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15
Q

Define premature ovarian failure

A

Persistent oestrogen deficiency
Markedly high FSH levels
1% of women ubder 40yrs are affected

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16
Q

What % of women have polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

20%

17
Q

Define day 1 of menstural cycle?

A

The first day of your period/ indication of period starting. This is the day you start taking combined oral or progesterone only pills

18
Q

Contraindications for combined pill?

A

Smoker >35yrs, less than 6 weeks post partum, breastfeeding, hypertensive, history of clots, migraine with aura, liver cirrhosis

19
Q

Combined pill and cancers?

A

Increases risk of cervical and breast cancer

Decreases risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. Overall protective effects outweigh risks

20
Q

What happens if you miss the combined contraceptive pill?

A

Missed pill take ASAP
If the next pill is on time it’s fine
If miss two, take one pill immediately use a condom for 7 days

21
Q

Contraindications for intrauterine devices?

A

Pelvic infection or pelvic infection <3 months ago, gynae cancer, small uterine cavity, undiagnosed per vaginal bleeding, copper allergy

22
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Often caused by chlamydia and gonarrhoea

Is a contraindication for coil

23
Q

What is treatment for gonarrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg IM

Azithromycin 1g single dose oral

24
Q

What is treatment for chlamydia

A

Doxycycline 100mg orally twice daily for 7days

Azithromycin 1g single dose