Respiratory

Question 1

What is first line treatment for COPD?

Answer 1

STOP SMOKING YOU DICK!

SABA and SAMA

Question 2

What symptoms make pulmonary embolism likely

Answer 2

Tachypnea (respiratory rate >16/min) - 96%
Crackles - 58%
Tachycardia (heart rate >100/min) - 44%
Fever (temperature >37.8°C) - 43%

Question 3

What assessment needs to be done in primary care for patients with suspected pneumonia?

Answer 3

CRB65
C Confusion (abbreviated mental test score <= 8/10)
R Respiration rate >= 30/min
B Blood pressure: systolic <= 90 mmHg and/or diastolic <= 60 mmHg
65 Aged >= 65 years

Question 4

What does the scoring of CRB65 mean?

Answer 4

home-based care for patients with a CRB65 score of 0

hospital assessment for all other patients, particularly those with a CRB65 score of 2 or more.

Question 5

How are patients with suspected pneumonia assessed in secondary care setting?

Answer 5

CURB65
Confusion (abbreviated mental test score <= 8/10)
Urea > 7 mmol/L
Respiration rate >= 30/min
Blood pressure: systolic <= 90 mmHg and/or diastolic <= 60 mmHg
65 Aged >= 65 years

Question 6

What does CURB65 scoring mean?

Answer 6

consider home-based care for patients with a CURB65 score of 0 or 1 - low risk (less than 3% mortality risk)
consider hospital-based care for patients with a CURB65 score of 2 or more - intermediate risk (3-15% mortality risk)
consider intensive care assessment for patients with a CURB65 score of 3 or more - high risk (more than 15% mortality risk)

Question 7

What does bronchiectasis look like on x-ray?

Answer 7

Parallel line shadows (often called tram-lines) are common in bronchiectasis and indicate dilated bronchi due to peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis.