Cardiology Flashcards
What is the presence of collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure and diastolic murmur indicative of?
Aortic regurgitation
Dysponea, raises JVP (absent Y descent) tachycardia, hypotension and muffled heart sounds are signs of what?
Cardiac tamponade
Acute heart failure, raised JVP, diminished heart sounds and pulses paradoxus means what?
Left ventricular free wall rupture secondary to cardiac tamponade
Patent ductus arteriosus
left subclavicular thrill
continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
First degree heart block, left axis deviation and right bundle branch block are classically found in what?
Trifascicular block
Chest pain would present with what on ECG?
ST elevation or left bundle branch block on an ECG or T-wave inversion.
What is Dressler’s syndrome?
Secondary form of pericarditis that occurs after injury to heart due to autoimmune reaction against myocardial antigens. Pleuritic chest pain worse on lying down, low-grade temperature, ECG (saddle-shaped ST elevation) and pericardial effusion
What are the features of Beck’s triad?
Falling BP
Raised JVP
Muffled heart sounds
Characteristic of cardiac tamponade
What is the commonest post MI complication?
Cardiac arrest, most likely due to ventricular fibrillation
What complication can occur within 48h of transmural MI?
Pericarditis, echo to confirm and treat with NSAIDs
What is the treatment for acute mitral regurgitation?
Vasodilators and surgicak repairs
What condition causes early-mid systolic murmur ?
Acute mitral regurgitation. Occurs 2-7 days after MI
What complication of MI id characterised by acute heart failure and pan-systolic murmur?
Ventricular septal defect, diagnose with echo 1 week after MI.
What is treatment for chronic heart failure?
Loop diuretics to decrease fluid overload. Ace inhibitors, beta-blockers and diuretics
What is the treatment for dressler’s syndrome?
NSAIDs
Conn’s sybdtome is what?
Aldosterone producing adenoma, look for hyoertension and hypokalaemia only
Chest tightness, SOB, dizziness, with slow risibg corotid pulse, systolic murmur radiating to corotids is indicative of what?
Aortic stenosis, diagnose with echocardiogram. Aortic stenosis is valve of 1.5cm(2) or less
What is the correct equation to describe blood pressure?
Blood pressure= cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance
What is the correct equation to describe cardiac output?
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is the gold standard treatment for ST elevated MI?
Aspirin, ticagrelor, IV heparin, immediate per cutaneous coronary intervention
