Cardiology

Question 1

What is the presence of collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure and diastolic murmur indicative of?

Answer 1

Aortic regurgitation

Question 2

Dysponea, raises JVP (absent Y descent) tachycardia, hypotension and muffled heart sounds are signs of what?

Answer 2

Cardiac tamponade

Question 3

Acute heart failure, raised JVP, diminished heart sounds and pulses paradoxus means what?

Answer 3

Left ventricular free wall rupture secondary to cardiac tamponade

Question 4

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 4

left subclavicular thrill
continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse

Question 5

First degree heart block, left axis deviation and right bundle branch block are classically found in what?

Answer 5

Trifascicular block

Question 6

Chest pain would present with what on ECG?

Answer 6

ST elevation or left bundle branch block on an ECG or T-wave inversion.

Question 7

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

Answer 7

Secondary form of pericarditis that occurs after injury to heart due to autoimmune reaction against myocardial antigens. Pleuritic chest pain worse on lying down, low-grade temperature, ECG (saddle-shaped ST elevation) and pericardial effusion

Question 8

What are the features of Beck’s triad?

Answer 8

Falling BP
Raised JVP
Muffled heart sounds
Characteristic of cardiac tamponade

Question 9

What is the commonest post MI complication?

Answer 9

Cardiac arrest, most likely due to ventricular fibrillation

Question 10

What complication can occur within 48h of transmural MI?

Answer 10

Pericarditis, echo to confirm and treat with NSAIDs

Question 11

What is the treatment for acute mitral regurgitation?

Answer 11

Vasodilators and surgicak repairs

Question 12

What condition causes early-mid systolic murmur ?

Answer 12

Acute mitral regurgitation. Occurs 2-7 days after MI

Question 13

What complication of MI id characterised by acute heart failure and pan-systolic murmur?

Answer 13

Ventricular septal defect, diagnose with echo 1 week after MI.

Question 14

What is treatment for chronic heart failure?

Answer 14

Loop diuretics to decrease fluid overload. Ace inhibitors, beta-blockers and diuretics

Question 15

What is the treatment for dressler’s syndrome?

Answer 15

NSAIDs

Question 16

Conn’s sybdtome is what?

Answer 16

Aldosterone producing adenoma, look for hyoertension and hypokalaemia only

Question 17

Chest tightness, SOB, dizziness, with slow risibg corotid pulse, systolic murmur radiating to corotids is indicative of what?

Answer 17

Aortic stenosis, diagnose with echocardiogram. Aortic stenosis is valve of 1.5cm(2) or less

Question 18

What is the correct equation to describe blood pressure?

Answer 18

Blood pressure= cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance

Question 19

What is the correct equation to describe cardiac output?

Answer 19

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

Question 20

What is the gold standard treatment for ST elevated MI?

Answer 20

Aspirin, ticagrelor, IV heparin, immediate per cutaneous coronary intervention