Clefydau Heintus Flashcards
What are the components of the sepsis six?
Out
Lactate, blood culture, urine output
In
Broad spectrum antibiotic, O2, fluids
Most common organisms causing food poisoning?
Campylobacter (uncooked meat)
Salmonella (uncooked meat, raw egg, milk)
Listeria (chilled ready meals e.g. Sandwitches)
What is the first line treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis in a patient with no allergies?
Flucloxacillin the first line antibiotic for cellulitis most likely caused by Staph. aureus and Streptococci. It is very active against Staphylococcus aureus. Give clarithromycin if allergic to penicillin
What antibiotic is strongly associated with C.difficlie infection and why?
Clindomycin, as in addition to its activity against Staphylococci and Streptococci it is also active against most gut anaerobes except for C. difficile.
What is topical treatment for impetigo?
Fusidic Acid
What antibiotics are suitable for treatment of MRSA?
Vancomycin, doxycycline, linezolid and teicoplanin
Surgical debridement is only curative treatment for which type of infection
Necrotising fasciitis
It’s a medical emergency. Even with prompt treatment mortality is 10-30%. Antibiotics only supportive
If wounds is infected, has a foul discharge and on palpation, the surrounding tissue is very tender and crepitus is felt what is diagnosis?
Gas gangrene. This is medical emergency similar to necrotising fasciitis which similar treatment
What organism commonly causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfingens. Incubation period 2-3 days
Define antigenic drift and antigenic shift?
Antigenic drift – gradual accumulation of mutations that change the surface antigens and make the virus less susceptible to the antibodies produced during previous infections.
Antigenic shift – two or more strains combine to form a new subtype with surface antigens that humans have not encountered previously.
What is treatment for severe community acquired pneumonia?
Co-amoxiclav 1.2 gram TDS and Clarithromycin 500 mg BD IV
What is treatment for at risk person exposed to influenza
Prophylactic Oseltamivir 75 mg PO od for 10 days
What are key features of infection in immunocompromised patients?
Common pathogens can cause more severe infections.
Less virulent organisms can cause infections in these patients.
Severe infections can present with mild symptoms
What is treatment for amoebic liver abscess?
Metronidazole for 7-10 days is the main treatment. This is followed up with a lumen active agent (to target the Amoebic cysts), such as paromomycin or diloxanide furoate. Drainage of the abscess is not necessary unless there are significant complications.
What is causative organism for amoebic liver abscess?
The parasite is transmitted via the faecal oral route. Incubation periods can vary from weeks to years, but patients usually present at around 12 weeks from infection
What are serology test results for Hep A and Hep B immune patient?
Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)
Hepatitis A virus IgG
What are serology test results for Hep B and Hep C exposed patients?
Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)
Hepatitis C antibody
What are the serology test results for Hep B and Hep A infection?
Hepatitis A virus IgM
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
What is the most characteristic features of mumps?
Parotitis (inflammatiin of parotid gland) causibg ear ache and pain on eating, fever, malaise
What is the treatment for non-falciparum malaria?
Chloroquine
Which hepatitis cannot be vaccinated against?
Hep C
What organism classically causes pneumonia in alcoholics?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
What pneumonia organism commonly causes hyponatraemia and lymphopenia?
Leigonella pneumophillia
What is heterophil antibody test (Monospot test) used to diagnose?
Infectious mononucleosis
What infection causes fat malabsorption, therefore greasy stool can occur. It is resistant to chlorination, hence risk of transfer in swimming pools.
Giardia Lamblia
What is the most common neurological infection seen in HIV?
Cerebral toxoplasmosis, seen as multiple ring enhancing lesions on CT brain
What is a psoas cyst?
A cyst in the psoas muscle, The psoas muscle extends from T12 - L5 caudally, inserting on the lesser trochanter of the femur. It can be of primary origin or a result of spread from local sources such as pyelonephritis or inflammatory bowel disease
What is most likely causative organism for psoas cyst?
Staphylococcus aureus
What are they symptoms of psoas cyst?
Psoas irritation is evidenced when the patient lies on their back with slightly flexed knees. Inability to weight bear or pain when moving the hip is usually evident.
What organism is commonly associated with gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the causative organisms for Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative organism in Lyme disease. Transmission to humans is by bites from the Ixodes tick, common in North America
