Clefydau Heintus Flashcards
What are the components of the sepsis six?
Out
Lactate, blood culture, urine output
In
Broad spectrum antibiotic, O2, fluids
Most common organisms causing food poisoning?
Campylobacter (uncooked meat)
Salmonella (uncooked meat, raw egg, milk)
Listeria (chilled ready meals e.g. Sandwitches)
What is the first line treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis in a patient with no allergies?
Flucloxacillin the first line antibiotic for cellulitis most likely caused by Staph. aureus and Streptococci. It is very active against Staphylococcus aureus. Give clarithromycin if allergic to penicillin
What antibiotic is strongly associated with C.difficlie infection and why?
Clindomycin, as in addition to its activity against Staphylococci and Streptococci it is also active against most gut anaerobes except for C. difficile.
What is topical treatment for impetigo?
Fusidic Acid
What antibiotics are suitable for treatment of MRSA?
Vancomycin, doxycycline, linezolid and teicoplanin
Surgical debridement is only curative treatment for which type of infection
Necrotising fasciitis
It’s a medical emergency. Even with prompt treatment mortality is 10-30%. Antibiotics only supportive
If wounds is infected, has a foul discharge and on palpation, the surrounding tissue is very tender and crepitus is felt what is diagnosis?
Gas gangrene. This is medical emergency similar to necrotising fasciitis which similar treatment
What organism commonly causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfingens. Incubation period 2-3 days
Define antigenic drift and antigenic shift?
Antigenic drift – gradual accumulation of mutations that change the surface antigens and make the virus less susceptible to the antibodies produced during previous infections.
Antigenic shift – two or more strains combine to form a new subtype with surface antigens that humans have not encountered previously.
What is treatment for severe community acquired pneumonia?
Co-amoxiclav 1.2 gram TDS and Clarithromycin 500 mg BD IV
What is treatment for at risk person exposed to influenza
Prophylactic Oseltamivir 75 mg PO od for 10 days
What are key features of infection in immunocompromised patients?
Common pathogens can cause more severe infections.
Less virulent organisms can cause infections in these patients.
Severe infections can present with mild symptoms
What is treatment for amoebic liver abscess?
Metronidazole for 7-10 days is the main treatment. This is followed up with a lumen active agent (to target the Amoebic cysts), such as paromomycin or diloxanide furoate. Drainage of the abscess is not necessary unless there are significant complications.
What is causative organism for amoebic liver abscess?
The parasite is transmitted via the faecal oral route. Incubation periods can vary from weeks to years, but patients usually present at around 12 weeks from infection
