Croen

Question 1

Define telangiectasia

Answer 1

a condition characterized by dilatation of the capillaries causing them to appear as small red or purple clusters, often spidery in appearance, on the skin or the surface of an organ.

Question 2

Name a Mild, Moderate, Strong and Very Strong topical steroid

Answer 2

Mild: Hydrocortisone
Moderate: Eumovate
Strong: Betnovate
Very Strong: Dermovate

Question 3

What is vitiligo?

Answer 3

Autoimmune condition characterized by destruction of melanocytes and subsequent loss of skin pigment most commonly occurs on the face, neck and hands, and in skin creases. Associated with Graves’ disease / hyperthyroidism

Question 4

Describe Acanthosis nigricans

Answer 4

Describes symmetrical, brown, velvety plaques that are often found on the neck, axilla and groin.
Commonly caused by hyperinsulinaemia and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma.

Question 5

Describe eczema herpeticum

Answer 5

A severe primary infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus 1 or 2. It is more commonly seen in children with atopic eczema. As it is potentially life threatening children should be admitted for IV aciclovir

Question 6

Define macule

Answer 6

A flat circumscribed area of colour change e.g. vitiligo

Question 7

Define papule

Answer 7

An elevated, palpable ‘spot’ <5mm in diameter e.g. scabies/insect bite

Question 8

Define nodule

Answer 8

An elevated palpable spot >5mm in diameter e.g. erythema nodosum

Question 9

Define erythema nodosum

Answer 9

Painful blue-red nodules on shins/thighs/arms.

Caused by sarcoidosis, strep infection, the pill, sulfonamides

Question 10

Define plaque

Answer 10

Elevated flat topped papule greater than 2cm in diameter e.g. psoriasis

Question 11

Define psoriasis

Answer 11

Autoimmune diseases the skin characterized by keratosis and erythematous plaques commonly on the back of forearms, shins naval areas and scalp

Question 12

Define Wheel

Answer 12

Elevated, irregularly shaped area of cutaneous edema e.g. urticaria

Question 13

Define vesicle

Answer 13

Elevated, superficial fluid filled lesions <5mm in diameter e.g. herpes simplex

Question 14

Define bulla

Answer 14

Vesicle > 5mm in diameter e.g. bullous pephegmoid

Question 15

Bullous pemphigoid

Answer 15

An acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of bullae, at the space between the epidermis and dermis skin layers.

Question 16

Define pustule

Answer 16

Elevated superficial vesicle filled with pus e.g impetigo

Question 17

Define scale

Answer 17

Healed up keratinized cells, flaky exfoliation e.g. psoriasis

Question 18

Define crust

Answer 18

Dried serum or exudate e.g. impetigo

Question 19

Define excoriation

Answer 19

Loss of epidermis usually due to scratching e.g. atopic eczema

Question 20

Define eczema

Answer 20

Autoimmune conditions characterized by dry, erythematous, sore skin commonly occur in in the creases of the skin, cheeks, outside of elbows and knees

Question 21

Define Lichenification

Answer 21

Rough, thickened epidermis e.g. chronic eczema

Question 22

Define ulcer

Answer 22

Lesion going through the full thickness of the dermis