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PANCE > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

causes of hypoCalcemia are:

A

CKD # 1

Hypopartahyroidism

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2
Q

tx for urge incontinence:

A

anti cholonergic meds

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3
Q

Muddy brown sediment is indicative of:

A

Actue Tubular Necrosis

Muddy Tubules

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4
Q

EKG findings of high K

A

Peaked T waves wide QRS

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5
Q

Cellular hyper excitation is due to:

A

low Ca

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6
Q

tx for Goodpasture Disease is:

A

plasma exchange / electrophoresis

need to remove antibodies

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7
Q

Most common genetic disease in the US

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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8
Q

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

will also demonstrates what vascular abnormality?

A

aneurysm in Circle of Willis

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9
Q

classic signs of hypoCalcemia:

A

Chvostek sign

Trousseau sign

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10
Q

Chlamydia vs Gonorrhea:

A

Chlamydia - clear discharge

Gonorrhea - purulent discharge

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11
Q

tx of hypokalemia

A

oral replacement

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12
Q

pH>7.45

A

Alkalosis

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13
Q

definition of hyperkalemia is:

A

K>5

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14
Q

tx of Polycycstic Kindey Disease:

A

aggressive HTN tx

end stage - transplant

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15
Q

Red Cell Cast in urine is:

A

Glomerulonephritis

red glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

incoontinence/leakage due to increase abdominal pressure (sneezing, caughing, valsalva) is known as:

A

Stress Incotninence

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17
Q

Gleason Score reffers to:

A

biopsy results for prostate CA

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18
Q

most common Bladder CA:

A

Transitional Cell CA (urothelial cell CA)

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19
Q

sx of low Ca are:

A

Muscle cramping

paresthesias

Increased reflexes

HyperExcitation

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20
Q

Eosiniphils seen in urine is a signs of:

A

Interstitial Nephritis

Eoseniphils=Enterstitial Nephritis

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21
Q

periorbital and scrotal edema

hematuria

flank pain

are sx of:

A

Glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

Different urinary sediments:

A

Mudy brown = actube tubular necrosis

WBC, Eosiniophils = Interstitial nephritis

Red Cell cast = Glomerulonephritis

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23
Q

hormone levels in Nonseminoma (test cancer)

A

extrimly elevated Beta HCG

elevated AFP

Nonseminomas

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24
Q

Administration of ACE I in a pt with renal artery stenosis will results in:

A

abrupts increase in creatinine

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25
Q

tx for Nephrotic Syndrome:

A

steroids for primary nephrotic syndrome

low protein and salt diet

Thiazide/loop and ACE-I

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26
Q

Tx for chlamydia:

A

Azithromycin

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27
Q

tx of hyperkalemia:

A

to stabilize the heart

Calcium Gluconate

to drive K back into cells

Insulin

Albuterol

Sodium Bicarb

Kayexalate

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28
Q

causes of Hypovolemic, Hyponatremia:

A

prolonged:

vomitting

diarrhea

diruetic use

Addison Disease

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29
Q

in hypokalemia it is important to check what other electrolite

A

If Mg+ low, K+ is resistant to therapy

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30
Q

risk factors for bladder CA:

A

Smoking

exposure to industrial chemicals

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31
Q

Radioation therapy is usefull in which testicular CA:

A

Seminomas

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32
Q

autoantibodies against basement membrane of glomerulonephritis is known as:

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

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33
Q

TNM system reffers to:

A

Tumor

Node

Mets

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34
Q

Most common cause of instrinscie ARF is:

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

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35
Q

tx for pyelonephritis

A

Quinolone

Cipro

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36
Q

hypervolemic, hypenatremia is caused by:

A

Cirrhosis

CHF

Nephrotic Syndrome

Renal Failure

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37
Q

tx of Acute Tubular Necrosis:

A

Loop Diuretics

Low protein diet

38
Q

hypokalemia is defined as:

A

<3.5 mild

<2.5 severe

39
Q

tx of UTI in pregnancy:

A

Nitrofurantoin

40
Q

Stones that are NOT seen on x ray are:

A

Uric Acid Stones

Uric stone = unseen

41
Q

sx of hyponatremia (<125)

A

N/V

weakness/lethargy

headache

delirium

coma

42
Q

Inflammation of renal tubules and interstititum is known as:

A

Interstitial Nephrtitis

43
Q

acidotic renal stones are known as:

A

Uric Stones

44
Q

EKG findins of low Mg:

A

TORSADES

45
Q

tx for bacterial prostatitis:

A

Bactrum

Quinolones

46
Q

Hyponatremia, Na value is:

A

Na<135

symptomatic when Na<125

47
Q

potential renal complication of illicit drugs:

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

48
Q

cause of hyperCalcemia:

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Renal Cell Ca

Lung Ca

49
Q

the rate of Na correction should be no more than:

A

1 per liter per hour

50
Q

nephroblastoma in children is known as:

A

Wilm’s tumor

51
Q

tx of UTI in pregnancy is:

A

Ceftriaxone - only!

52
Q

high p CO2

low HCO3

indicative of

A

Acidosis

53
Q

AFP in Seminomas are

A

NOT elevated

54
Q

low p CO2

high HCO3

indicative of

A

Alkolosis

55
Q

what caused low K:

A

Diarrhea (most common)

Loop diauretics, Thiazide diuretics

Hyperaldeosteronism

56
Q

which prostate zone obstructe urine flow in BPH?

A

transitional zone wich surrounds the urethra.

57
Q

WBC cast, Eosinophils are indicative of:

A

Interstitial Nephritis

WBC cast = Interstitial Nephritis

58
Q

overactive bladder

increased detrusor activity

irritable bladder contraction

are signs of:

A

Urge Incontinence

59
Q

Staghorn stones are associated with

A

renal infection

and

alkalineurine

Staghron stone=Struvite Stones

60
Q

effect of low and high K

A

low K: Muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, ileus

high K: Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, ileus, impaired cardiac conduction

61
Q

lab values for Nephrotic Syndrome

A

protein > 3.5

Oval Fat/Lipid Bodies in UA in the shape of Maltese Crosse

Low serum albumin

62
Q

most prostate CA are:

A

adenocarcinoma

63
Q

cause of hyperkalemia:

A

Advance Renal Disease

Addison’s

ACE-I

Spirinolactones

64
Q

EKG findings of low K

A

Flattened or inverted T waves on EKG

65
Q

most common cause of hyperkalemia is:

A

Advanced Renal Disease

66
Q

drugs that cause Interstitial Nephritis:

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Sulfa

NSAIDS

67
Q

potential renal complication of group A step is:

A

Glomerulonephritis

68
Q

tx for BPH

A

alpha blockers (-osin-)

5 alpha reducates inhibitors (finasteride/dutasteride)

69
Q

tx for stress incontinence is:

A

Kegels exercise

70
Q

most testicular CA are:

A

Germ Cell Tumors

71
Q

tx of Diabetes Insipidus (low ADH/Vasopressin)

A

Desmopressin

72
Q

Syphilis stages:

A
73
Q

Complicated UTI tx:

A
74
Q

Bloodwork results for Nephrotic Syndrome:

A

Hypoalbuminemia (albumin spilled into UA)

Hyperlipidemia (reactive)

Hight Tryglycerides

High ESR

75
Q

Chemotherapy in testicular CA:

A

Nonseminomas: not susceptible to chemo

Seminomas: amenable to chemo

76
Q

antibodies to Glomerular Basement Membrane are indicative of:

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

77
Q

negative P_rehn’s sign_ (lifting a testicle)

negative Cremasteric reflex (stroking inside of the thigh)

are indicative of:

A

Testicular Torsion

78
Q

hypercalcemia causes increased or dicrease excitation?

A

hypoExcitation

79
Q

Alcoholism has what impact on electrolites

A

Low Mg, K,

80
Q

BPH medication tx:

A

Alpha Blockers

-zosin-

81
Q

pH < 7.35 is

A

Acidosis

82
Q

Euvolemic, Hoponatremia is caused by:

A

SIADH (water retention)

psychogenic polydipsia

83
Q

most common renal stones are:

A

Calcium Oxalate

84
Q
A
85
Q

complication of severe hyponatremia is

A

Central Pontine Myelinolysis=iatrogenic cerebral osmotic dmyelination

damage of the myelin in of the pons

86
Q

risk factor for renal stone formaton:

A

high sodium,

protein,

oxalates,

purines

87
Q
A
88
Q

Inlammation of the glomerulus is known as:

A

Glomerulonephritis

89
Q

renal stone size limit that will not pass on its own:

A

10 mm or more

90
Q

medical tx of cryptorchidism is:

A

hCG IM injections

PANCE (20 decks)

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